{
  "abstract": "Epicoccum sorghinum is a filamentous fungus known to produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites. In this study, a fungal strain isolated from Arundo donax was investigated for its antimicrobial metabolites and the effects of fermentation conditions and non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAPP) treatment on metabolite production. Nine previously reported polyketide-related compounds isolated from E. sorghinum were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against 16 microbial strains. Among the tested compounds, 6-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol (7) exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity among the isolated metabolites, particularly against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 (MIC = 50 μM). Several compounds showed moderate antifungal activity against Nakaseomyces glabrata ATCC 2001. A preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis suggested that antimicrobial activity is closely associated with the number and positional arrangement of phenolic hydroxyl groups. Fermentation conditions significantly affected metabolite accumulation. Compound 7 showed significantly higher accumulation under solid fermentation, suggesting that solid fermentation favors the accumulation of certain phenolic-type metabolites. In addition, NTAPP treatment altered the relative abundance of previously detected metabolites in an energy-dependent manner. High-energy treatment (6000 V) increased the abundance of several metabolites, particularly epicorepoxydon A (1), whereas only a slight increase was observed for 7. Overall, this study demonstrates the antimicrobial activity of polyketide-related metabolites from E. sorghinum and highlights the influence of fermentation conditions and NTAPP treatment on fungal secondary metabolism. The combination of fermentation optimization and NTAPP stimulation represents a useful strategy for modulating the relative abundance of bioactive secondary metabolites without inducing the production of new detectable metabolites.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    "Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden",
    "Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary",
    "HUN-REN-USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary",
    "School of Pharmacy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan",
    "Department of Food Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Makung City, Penghu Hsien, Taiwan",
    "Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    "Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    "Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary",
    "Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    "Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan",
    "Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ching-Chia Chang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bai-Wei Peng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Annamária Kincses"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Chi-Ying Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Hua-Han Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Hsueh-Wei Chang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        8,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Judit Hohmann"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        9,
        10,
        11
      ],
      "name": "Fang-Rong Chang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/evxdtajzv4a2e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4014/jmb.2606.06052",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13697207/",
  "id": "evxdtajzv4a2e",
  "issns": [
    "1017-7825",
    "1738-8872"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2606.06052",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Antibiotics, Antifungals, and Antiviral compounds"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Molecular and Cellular Microbiology (MCM)"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Research article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2736|Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223397748",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13697207?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13697207",
  "pmid": "42924425",
  "published": "2026-10-13",
  "publisher": "Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/evxdtajzv4a2e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:18Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13697207",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2606.06052"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42924425",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42924425"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2736|Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Polyketide-Derived Antimicrobial Metabolites from Epicoccum sorghinum: Effects of Fermentation Conditions and Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (NTAPP)",
  "title_text": "Polyketide-Derived Antimicrobial Metabolites from Epicoccum sorghinum: Effects of Fermentation Conditions and Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (NTAPP)",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:34:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/evxdtajzv4a2e",
  "venue": "Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology",
  "versions": []
}