{
  "abstract": "Exercise-induced fatigue refers to the reversible decline in neuromuscular function during physical activity, whose immune–metabolic regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have revealed that B cells can regulate hepatic glutamate metabolism via secretion of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), thereby influencing mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle, revealing a novel immune–metabolic pathway relevant to exercise-induced fatigue. This review synthesizes current evidence on immune regulation in exercise-induced fatigue, centering on the TGF-β1-driven glutamate axis linking the liver and skeletal muscle, cross-organ signaling, and hypotheses of central fatigue. We also discuss targeted interventions along this pathway to inform future basic research and clinical management of exercise-induced fatigue.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Naval Medical Center, Shanghai 200052, China",
    "Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Li Yi",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-0122-7239"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huier Xiang",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-4377-1259"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Guolin Gan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yixuan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yi Ruan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6627-9599"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shangjin Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wei Gu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xin Wang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ewvh5zqmbk3hw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/metabo16100752",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707185/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "ewvh5zqmbk3hw",
  "issns": [
    "2218-1989"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/16/10/752",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2742|Exercise and Physiological Responses"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221149352",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707185/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13707185",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ewvh5zqmbk3hw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/metabo16100752",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/16/10/752"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:40Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13707185",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13707185"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2218-1989",
      "subfield": "proteomics-metabolomics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Progress in the Study of B-Cell Immune Metabolic Regulation Mechanisms in Exercise-Induced Fatigue: A Narrative Review",
  "title_text": "Progress in the Study of B-Cell Immune Metabolic Regulation Mechanisms in Exercise-Induced Fatigue: A Narrative Review",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ewvh5zqmbk3hw",
  "venue": "Metabolites",
  "versions": []
}