{
  "abstract": "Key message\n\nGWAS and inheritance testing uncovered known and potentially new genetic sources of leaf rust resistance in barley, mapping the dominant locus RphCaspian (RphCas) to chromosome 4HL in close physical proximity to Rph21. This study has unravelled the genetic architecture of leaf rust in barley and also provides closely linked SNP markers on the 40k Infinium wheat barley array suitable for marker assisted selection. Barley leaf rust (BLR) is a damaging foliar disease affecting grain yield and quality. Genetic resistance offers a sustainable solution, but often succumbs to breakdown in the absence of stewardship. Sourcing and incorporating novel diverse alleles in breeding programs is challenging yet enhanced by mining unexplored gene pools available in gene banks. In this study, we investigated 318 barley accessions of Eastern European origin for BLR resistance using detailed greenhouse-based host-pathogen interaction assays at the seedling stage. The panel was genotyped using two marker platforms, targeted genotyping-by-sequencing and Infinium™ Wheat Barley 40 K BeadChip Array. Following marker curation, 35,059 SNPs were used for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using GAPIT/FarmCPU, with associated regions further supported using a BayesR approach. GWAS identified significant peaks corresponding to known resistance loci, including Rph2, Rph3 and Rph12, as well as potentially uncharacterised BLR resistance QTL on chromosomes 1HL, 2HL, 3HS and 6HS. Several biparental populations were also developed by crossing three diverse EEB donors carrying broadly effective BLR resistance including: Caspian, Anska and Athenais, with the leaf rust-susceptible barley cultivar Gus. Genetic analysis at the F₃ generation revealed that resistance Athenais was consistent with two-gene inheritance, whereas resistance in Caspian was controlled by a single dominant gene (RphCas) and the inheritance of resistance in Anska was inconclusive. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing and conventional bulked segregant analysis (BSA) mapped the Caspian resistance locus to chromosome 4HL. An allelism test using an F₃ population derived from Riccardo, carrying Rph21, and Caspian, tested with a Puccinia hordei pathotype (5457P+) avirulent to both resistance sources, susggested that the RphCas locus was distinct from Rph21 however their close physical proximity and haplotypic similarity requires further investigation for a formal gene designation for RphCas.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, 5 Ring Rd, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.",
    "Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh.",
    "La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Ecological, Plant and Animal Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia.",
    "Faculty of Science, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia.",
    "School of Applied Systems Biology, 5 Ring Rd, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia.",
    "School of Life and Environmental Sciences & Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.",
    "Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Kleinmachnow, Germany.",
    "La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, Department of Ecological, Plant and Animal Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083, Australia. p.dracatos@latrobe.edu.au.",
    "Faculty of Science, Plant Breeding Institute, The University of Sydney, Cobbitty, NSW, 2570, Australia. p.dracatos@latrobe.edu.au."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shiva Azizinia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Md Arifuzzaman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Eden Tongson"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Karanjeet Sandhu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Gabriel Keeble-Gagnère"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Ghazanfar Abbas Khan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kerrie Forrest"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Matthew Hayden"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Dragan Perovic"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Davinder Singh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Peter M Dracatos",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4199-7359"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exdg912m1q5zs.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1007/s00122-026-05405-4",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13676509",
  "id": "exdg912m1q5zs",
  "issns": [
    "1432-2242"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42891684",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222828556",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13676509?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13676509",
  "pmid": "42891684",
  "published": "2026-10-17",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exdg912m1q5zs.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:46Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42891684",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42891684"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Genome-wide characterisation of leaf rust resistance loci in an Eastern European barley collection.",
  "title_text": "Genome-wide characterisation of leaf rust resistance loci in an Eastern European barley collection.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:46Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exdg912m1q5zs",
  "venue": "TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik",
  "versions": []
}