{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nMild behavioral impairment (MBI) is an important neurobehavioral marker of dementia. This study examined associations between retinal vascular measures, MBI, and its potential neurobiological correlates.Methods\n\nDementia-free older adults from a memory clinic cohort were followed for up to 5 years. MBI was evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Retinal vessel caliber measures were quantified from fundus photographs. Associations of retinal vascular measures with neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease and plasma proteomic profiles were further explored.Results\n\nAmong 302 participants, reduced arteriole-to-venule ratio (AVR) and narrower arteriole caliber (central retinal artery equivalent) were associated with a greater likelihood of incident MBI. Lower AVR was associated with white matter hyperintensity volume and circulating proteins related to immune function and inflammatory processes.Conclusion\n\nRetinal microvascular alterations are associated with MBI in the pre-dementia stage, with exploratory findings suggesting related vascular and inflammatory biological correlates that warrant further investigation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Memory, Ageing and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.",
    "Department of Psychiatry, School of Public Health, the Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.",
    "Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University of Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore.",
    "Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.",
    "St Luke's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.",
    "Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.",
    "Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.",
    "National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.",
    "Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.",
    "Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.",
    "Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.",
    "National Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.",
    "Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.",
    "Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, and Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.",
    "Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.",
    "Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yingqi Liao",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7499-8801"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ming Ann Sim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiangbo Cui"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Haoran Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Saima Hilal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Eddie Jy Chong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anqi Toh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Boon Yeow Tan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        7,
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Arthur Mark Richards"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        10,
        11,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Xin Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13,
        14,
        15
      ],
      "name": "Yih Chung Tham"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Christopher Chen"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exhz728mb9d3z.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/alz.71933",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13722608",
  "id": "exhz728mb9d3z",
  "issns": [
    "1552-5260",
    "1552-5279"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963327",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225012537",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13722608?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13722608",
  "pmid": "42963327",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Wiley",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exhz728mb9d3z.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T03:21:43Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42963327",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42963327"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:24Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13722608",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.71933"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Retinal microvasculature alterations are associated with mild behavioral impairment in Southeast Asian dementia-free older adults.",
  "title_text": "Retinal microvasculature alterations are associated with mild behavioral impairment in Southeast Asian dementia-free older adults.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T12:21:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exhz728mb9d3z",
  "venue": "Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association",
  "versions": []
}