{
  "abstract": "MgO modified wattle bark biochar (MgO-BC) was produced by impregnating wattle bark with MgCl2 followed by pyrolysis at 600 °C and tested for the removal of phosphate from water. Material characterization showed the successful incorporation of MgO/Mg(OH)2 phases onto the biochar matrix and the presence of surface functionalities that are relevant for phosphate binding. Response surface methodology showed that solution pH, MgO-BC dosage, contact time, and initial phosphate concentration significantly influenced phosphate removal. The optimized conditions were pH 8.0, an MgO-BC dosage of 0.059 g in 10 mL solution, a contact time of 21 h, and an initial phosphate concentration of 64.6 mg P per L. Under these conditions, MgO-BC achieved approximately 99.5% phosphate removal. Equilibrium data over an extended initial phosphate concentration range (15–500 mg P per L) were best described by the nonlinear Langmuir isotherm (qmax = 11.42 ± 0.11 mg P g−1, KL = 22.43 ± 1.58 L mg−1, R2 = 0.985), confirming high-affinity, monolayer uptake on a finite number of Mg-rich sites, whereas the nonlinear Freundlich and Temkin models provided inferior fits (R2 = 0.729 and 0.795, respectively). These model fits, combined with spectroscopic and XRD evidence for Mg–phosphate interactions, are consistent with a mechanism dominated by high-affinity surface reactions rather than weak physisorption. XRD patterns before and after adsorption confirmed that the main reflections of MgO/Mg(OH)2 did not shift after adsorption, indicating that the immobilization of phosphate was mainly due to inner-sphere complexation and poorly crystalline surface precipitation and not to bulk phase transformation. The initial phosphate removal efficiency of MgO-BC was found to be over 80% after five adsorption–desorption cycles, which confirms good regeneration potential. Based on these results, MgO-BC could be identified as an effective and reusable phosphate removal and recovery sorbent from aqueous systems.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Chemistry Department, University of the Free State Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa",
    "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Kerman Iran"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Elham Jalali",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2397-8346"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elizabeth Erasmus",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0546-697X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shahab Maghsoudi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6981-0181"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marietjie Schutte-Smith",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8935-7601"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hendrik. G. Visser",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1719-1232"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exqvssea82vgt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra05212f",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656217/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "exqvssea82vgt",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13656217",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2311|Phosphorus and nutrient management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221537487",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13656217/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13656217",
  "pmid": "42866412",
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exqvssea82vgt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:25Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13656217",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13656217"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:36Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13656217",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra05212f"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2311|Phosphorus and nutrient management",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "High-affinity phosphate capture on MgO/Mg(OH)2-decorated wattle bark biochar: adsorption mechanism and regeneration performance",
  "title_text": "High-affinity phosphate capture on MgO/Mg(OH)2-decorated wattle bark biochar: adsorption mechanism and regeneration performance",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:20:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exqvssea82vgt",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}