{
  "abstract": "Fidelity estimation is a fundamental tool for assessing quantum resource states across quantum information science. For small infidelity $ε$, tomography and direct fidelity estimation (DFE) have worst-case sample complexity $O(1/ε^2)$ at fixed relative accuracy and confidence. Direct target projections achieve $O(1/ε)$ but generally require non-Clifford operations whose reliability depends on the resource states that are typically the target of benchmarking. Here, we introduce the Bell--coherence fidelity estimation (BCFE) with optimal sample complexity $Θ(1/ε)$ using only Clifford gates and Pauli measurements. We prove that BCFE is applicable to arbitrary pure targets, possibly multi-qubit, with the statistical error of the single-copy coherence part explicitly controlled. To evaluate BCFE in a practical setting, we apply BCFE to analog rotation resource states in the candidate early-FTQC architecture called the Space-Time Efficient Analog Rotations (STAR) architecture. In the simulations using surface codes, BCFE is estimated to require up to approximately $27$ times fewer resource states than DFE for the same standard error in the infidelity estimate, while its estimates remain close to reference values despite circuit-level noise in the additional Bell measurement operations. These results support efficient resource benchmarking within fault-tolerant quantum computing.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.05222",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Shunta Takahashi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Keisuke Fujii"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exspvqegwwz8v.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.05222",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "exspvqegwwz8v",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05222",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1702|Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220711849",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.05222",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-04",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exspvqegwwz8v.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:27:01Z",
      "native_id": "2610.05222",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05222"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Efficient Fidelity Estimation of General Quantum Resource States via Clifford Circuits",
  "title_text": "Efficient Fidelity Estimation of General Quantum Resource States via Clifford Circuits",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:27:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exspvqegwwz8v",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}