{
  "abstract": "The hippocampus is a heterogeneous structure with cytoarchitectonically distinct subfields that exhibit heterogeneous lifespan trajectories and are differentially susceptible to diseases. Advances in high-resolution imaging have accelerated research on these structures, yet variability in segmentation protocols limits cross-study comparability. The Hippocampal Subfields Group (HSG) is an international consortium addressing this challenge by developing a reliable, accessible, and freely available segmentation protocol for high-resolution T2-weighted 3T MRI scans (http://www.hippocampalsubfields.com). Here, we present the harmonized protocol for the posterior portion of the hippocampus (the \"tail\"), complementing the previously established \"body\" protocol, and with an anterior \"head\" protocol under development. The tail protocol provides standardized definitions of the external boundaries for the posterior-most extent of the hippocampus, facilitating consistent segmentation from surrounding tissues. The research community was extensively involved through an online survey that incorporated comprehensive protocol details, feasibility assessments, tutorial videos, and illustrative segmentations. Through this collaborative process, consensus emerged to exclude subfield labeling in the hippocampal tail due to limited visibility of internal landmarks and substantial anatomical variability in this region. All proposed boundary guidelines were deemed clear and agreed upon via a Delphi procedure. The harmonized tail protocol has high intra- (Averaged ICC(2, 1) > 0.98; Averaged Dice Similarity Coefficient = 0.92) and inter-rater reliability (Averaged ICC(2, k) > 0.98; Averaged Dice Similarity Coefficient = 0.86) and offers a practical framework for replicable segmentation. By establishing standardized guidelines, this protocol enhances comparability of findings across developmental, aging, and clinical research and is compatible with ongoing technological advances.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, UA20 Neuropresage, Caen, France.",
    "University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.",
    "School of Psychology, Center for Research and Education in Navigation (CRaNE), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.",
    "University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.",
    "German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.",
    "Lund University, Lund, Sweden.",
    "Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.",
    "Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.",
    "San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA.",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.",
    "University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.",
    "Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.",
    "Memory and Aging Center, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.",
    "Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.",
    "Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.",
    "Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Stony Brook University, Berlin, Germany.",
    "University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.",
    "University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.",
    "Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.",
    "Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.",
    "Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.",
    "Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 30,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Robin de Flores",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3953-3392"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kelsey L Canada",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0366-1555"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Thackery Brown",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8586-3099"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Nicole J Gervais",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2773-7830"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Anne Maass",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7889-795X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Gustaf Rådman",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7042-0196"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jonathan Shine"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Hannah L Tucker",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3375-4127"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Eóin N Molloy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Jenna N Adams",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6702-3851"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Michelle Baca Reinke",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-5730-1479"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Arnold Bakker",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0417-641X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "David Berron",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1558-1883"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Marshall A Dalton",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4089-6801"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Kristen M Kennedy",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5373-9026"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Renaud LaJoie",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2581-8100"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Susanne G Mueller",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5515-4432"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Noa Ofen",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3927-8408"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Rosanna K Olsen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2918-4152"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15
      ],
      "name": "Naftali Raz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5080-2138"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        16
      ],
      "name": "Tracy Riggins",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8633-2131"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Karen M Rodrigue",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4781-7961"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        17
      ],
      "name": "Craig Stark",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9334-8502"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        18
      ],
      "name": "Lei Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3870-3388"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        19
      ],
      "name": "Laura E M Wisse",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7504-3943"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        20
      ],
      "name": "Paul A Yushkevich",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8543-4016"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Valerie A Carr",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2969-2181"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        21
      ],
      "name": "Ana M Daugherty",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9980-154X"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hippocampal Subfields Group"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exwqvajxdvba3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/hipo.70143",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13694412",
  "id": "exwqvajxdvba3",
  "issns": [
    "1050-9631",
    "1098-1063"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42920090",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1707|Medical Image Segmentation Techniques"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223372298",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13694412?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13694412",
  "pmid": "42920090",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exwqvajxdvba3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42920090",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42920090"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:2805|Memory and Neural Mechanisms",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Harmonized Protocol for Segmentation of the Hippocampal Tail on High-Resolution In Vivo MRI From the Hippocampal Subfields Group (HSG).",
  "title_text": "Harmonized Protocol for Segmentation of the Hippocampal Tail on High-Resolution In Vivo MRI From the Hippocampal Subfields Group (HSG).",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/exwqvajxdvba3",
  "venue": "Hippocampus",
  "versions": []
}