{
  "abstract": "Background and purposeEarly neurological deterioration (END) is a common complication in non-reperfused acute ischemic stroke (AIS), yet reliable predictors are lacking. Soluble CD163 (sCD163), a monocyte/macrophage activation marker, is linked to neuroinflammation, but its role in non-reperfused END is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the serum sCD163–END association and externally validate a prediction model.MethodsIn this two-center prospective study, 664 non-reperfused AIS (training) and 300 (validation) patients were enrolled. Serum sCD163 was measured within 24 h. END was defined as an NIHSS increase ≥2 within 72 h. LASSO and multivariable logistic regression identified predictors and built a prediction model, with bootstrap internal and independent external validation assessing discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis.ResultsEND occurred in 142 (21.4%) training and 65 (21.7%) validation patients. END patients had higher sCD163 (779 ± 110 vs. 690 ± 103 ng/mL training; 777 ± 110 vs. 685 ± 110 ng/mL validation, both P < 0.001). sCD163 independently predicted END (adjusted OR = 2.09 per 10 ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.72–2.54, P < 0.001). The prediction model showed good discrimination (bootstrap-corrected AUC = 0.887, 95% CI: 0.841–0.920; external AUC = 0.866, 95% CI: 0.819–0.903), calibration (Hosmer–Lemeshow P = 0.408 and 0.447), and positive net benefit in decision curve analysis. Adding sCD163 improved reclassification (NRI = 0.218, P = 0.003; IDI = 0.032, P = 0.001).ConclusionsSerum sCD163 independently predicts END in non-reperfused AIS. The prediction model incorporating sCD163, baseline NIHSS, neutrophil percentage, and C-reactive protein offers a validated risk stratification tool.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Original Research",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Meijuan Yan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lihui Shao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jun Lu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ey8qr10d9twjb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1960983",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "ey8qr10d9twjb",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1960983",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "biology/immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ey8qr10d9twjb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T06:20:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1960983",
      "source": "feed-frontiers",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1960983"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:26Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1960983",
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      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1960983/full"
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  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "feed-journal:biology/immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Serum sCD163: a novel predictor of early neurological deterioration in non-reperfused acute ischemic stroke",
  "title_text": "Serum sCD163: a novel predictor of early neurological deterioration in non-reperfused acute ischemic stroke",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T00:21:18Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ey8qr10d9twjb",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}