{
  "abstract": "We show that setting the initial velocity to zero, v0 = 0, resolves two problems in Non-\n\nEquilibrium Dynamics (NED): the negative initial velocity problem and the parallel universe\n\nproblem. With v0 = 0, the exact solution reduces to\n\n2R\n\n3 − 3ℓpR\n\n2 = 3Kt2 + 4ℓ\n\n3\n\np\n\n,\n\nwhich has only one branch and one bounce at t = 0. This eliminates the need for v0 <\n\n0 and the associated parallel universe interpretation. We then show that this equation\n\nmay reproduce the radiation and inflation eras without invoking R &prop; t\n\n1/2 or exponential\n\nexpansion:\n\n&bull; At the end of inflation (t &sim; 10−32 s), R &asymp; 1.79 × 10−7 m, giving R/(2ℓp) &asymp; 5.5 × 1027\n\n,\n\ncomparable to or larger than the standard inflation factor e\n\n60 &asymp; 1026\n\n.\n\n&bull; At the end of the radiation era (t &sim; 5 × 104 years), R &asymp; 5.2 × 1022 m, comparable to\n\nthe standard value.\n\nWe discuss the cosmic age discrepancy: the NED prediction with v0 = 0 is tnow &asymp; 6.74 ×\n\n109 years, whereas the standard Friedman cosmology gives tnow &asymp; 1.38 × 1010 years. We\n\npropose that this discrepancy may arise from the different theoretical frameworks: NED\n\npredicts decelerating expansion and a finite asymptotic future, while Friedman cosmology\n\nwith dark energy predicts accelerating expansion and an infinite future. Finally, we derive\n\nthe deceleration parameter\n\nq0 =\n\n1\n\n2\n\n,\n\nwhich is independent of v0. This is a universal prediction of NED, in direct conflict with\n\nthe observed value q0 &asymp; −0.55. The prediction q0 = +1/2 provides a decisive falsifiable test\n\nof NED.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "takashi ueda"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eyg21t3ghnee3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23528795",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "eyg21t3ghnee3",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://zenodo.org/records/23528795",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/23528795/files/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E6%96%B9%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%20(1).pdf/content",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eyg21t3ghnee3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:21:44Z",
      "native_id": "23528795",
      "source": "zenodo",
      "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/23528795"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Resolution of the Negative Initial Velocity and Parallel Universe Problems in Non-Equilibrium Dynamics: v0 = 0, Reproduction of Radiation and Inflation Eras, Cosmic Age Discrepancy, and the Universal Prediction q0 = 1/2",
  "title_text": "Resolution of the Negative Initial Velocity and Parallel Universe Problems in Non-Equilibrium Dynamics: v0 = 0, Reproduction of Radiation and Inflation Eras, Cosmic Age Discrepancy, and the Universal Prediction q0 = 1/2",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T12:21:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/eyg21t3ghnee3",
  "venue": "Zenodo",
  "versions": []
}