{
  "abstract": "Background: The health impacts of rising temperatures in care home settings are of growing concern. We seek to characterise the risk of heat-related mortality in nursing and residential care home settings in England and to assess potential modification of heat effects by Care Quality Commission (CQC) ratings.\n\nMethods: Heat episode analysis was used to assess excess mortality during the heatwave of 16-20th July 2022. Daily time-series regression analysis employing Distributed Lag Non-linear Models was used to assess short-term associations between daily mean temperature and daily number of deaths in care home residents during 2022-2024, adjusting for season and day-of-week effects.\n\nResults: Nursing home deaths increased by 34.1% (95% CI 21.1, 48.2) and residential care home deaths by 13.0% (0.1, 27.0) during the July 2022 heatwave. During 2022-2024, the relative risk of death on a day of 25 °C compared to a day of 16 °C was 2.09 (95% CI 1.68, 2.60) among nursing home residents and 1.56 (1.24, 1.96) in residential care homes. There was a gradient of increasing heat-related mortality risk associated with poorer CQC rating, although almost all CQC categories were associated with raised risks. Heat-related mortality risk in care homes was greatest in the West Midlands and London regions.\n\nConclusions: Our findings indicate a growing need for heat stress to be recognised as an important risk factor for care home residents. Urgent and wide-scale improvements in heat adaptation strategies are needed in care homes across England to help improve the resilience of the social care system to climate change.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "abstract",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "S Hajat"
    },
    {
      "name": "S Hussein"
    },
    {
      "name": "K Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "R S Kovats"
    },
    {
      "name": "M Davies"
    },
    {
      "name": "A Mavrogianni"
    },
    {
      "name": "R Gupta"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ezzcpx9afs31p.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.664",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13697508/",
  "id": "ezzcpx9afs31p",
  "issns": [
    "1101-1262",
    "1464-360X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.664",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "heading",
      "4. Pecha Kucha sessions"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00860"
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      "heading",
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      "openalex",
      "2307|Climate Change and Health Impacts"
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  "openalex": "W7223698330",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13697508/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13697508",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ezzcpx9afs31p.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:33Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13697508",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckag169.664"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13697508",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13697508"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Climate Change and Health Impacts",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Heat-related deaths in English social care: can CQC ratings identify homes needing heat adaptation?",
  "title_text": "Heat-related deaths in English social care: can CQC ratings identify homes needing heat adaptation?",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:34:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ezzcpx9afs31p",
  "venue": "The European Journal of Public Health",
  "versions": []
}