{
  "abstract": "Immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is constrained by a hostile bone marrow niche. Here we identify atypical memory B cells (Batyp) as a suppressive population within this microenvironment. Across single cell and flow cytometry cohorts, Batyp were expanded in AML, and their molecular and phenotypic profiles resembled those of atypical B cells associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. Batyp were polarized within the AML microenvironment, and this was amplified by CAR T cell-AML interactions. Mechanistically, polarization was dependent on Toll-like receptor, interferon and CD70-CD27 signaling. Batyp suppressed T cell and CAR T cell responses via PD-1- and TGF-beta signaling, and were enriched in non-responding patients with AML and myeloma. CD180-directed CAR T cells, targeting an antigen shared by Batyp and AML blasts, resisted suppression in vitro and cleared disease in B cell-humanized xenografts while sparing hematopoietic stem cells, with B cell engagement further enhancing their expansion. CAR T cells thus reinforce their own suppressive niche through Batyp polarization, a constraint that can be relieved by dual blast- and B cell-targeting strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Medicine III, LMU University Hospital, LMU Medizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology,"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 43,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "A. Gottschlich"
    },
    {
      "name": "V. Kavaka"
    },
    {
      "name": "T. A. Janert"
    },
    {
      "name": "V. Igl"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. Carlini"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Rohrbacher"
    },
    {
      "name": "W. den Hartog"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Harwood"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. P. Trefny"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Sogukcelik"
    },
    {
      "name": "P. Penovici"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. Ransmayr"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Rausch"
    },
    {
      "name": "F. Brauneck"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Frenz-Wiessner"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. Goek"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Haenel"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Zucchinetti"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Oner"
    },
    {
      "name": "P. S. Zwicker"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Gruenmeier"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Delahais"
    },
    {
      "name": "P. M. Schnell"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Nandi"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Thomas"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Brabenec"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. Briukhovetska"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Michaelides"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. D. Mueller"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Y. Ballheimer"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. A. Tsiverioti"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. V. Hoffmann"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Stock"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. Piseddu"
    },
    {
      "name": "P. J. Mueller"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Kruppa"
    },
    {
      "name": "W. Fiedler"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Rade"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Kreuz"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. Kehl"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. S. Bhagwat"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. T. Thiel"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ste"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f0fj22m9000cv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.12.758644",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.758644v1.full",
  "id": "f0fj22m9000cv",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.758644v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "immunology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|CAR-T cell therapy research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222906804",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.758644v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f0fj22m9000cv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:28:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.12.758644",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.758644v3"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A CAR T cell-amplified suppressive B cell circuit in AML",
  "title_text": "A CAR T cell-amplified suppressive B cell circuit in AML",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:28:51Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f0fj22m9000cv",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}