{
  "abstract": "Nutrient availability shapes antibody responses, yet its role in metabolic checkpoints governing germinal center (GC) B-cell differentiation remains incompletely defined. Using heterozygous (HZ) Slc5a6 M60K mice modeling human loss-of-function mutations in the multivitamin transporter SLC5A6, we found that deficient biotin imports impaired mitochondrial metabolism and restricted preGC-to-dark zone progression after vaccination. Single-cell transcriptomics and RNA velocity revealed disrupted GC trajectories, while B-cell receptor repertoire analysis showed impaired class-switch recombination, somatic hypermutation, and vaccine-induced clonal diversity. Spatial multiplexed imaging showed reduced GL7-high GC-associated B-cell regions. Flow cytometric analyses revealed reduced frequencies of RBD-specific B cells and RBD-specific GL7⁺CD95⁺ GC B cells in HZ mice, with higher frequencies after biotin supplementation. Pseudovirus assays demonstrated impaired neutralization of Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron BA.2. Dietary biotin supplementation restored GC-associated differentiation, antibody diversification, and vaccine-induced humoral responses. These findings identify biotin-dependent mitochondrial metabolism as an important checkpoint linking micronutrient availability to GC B-cell differentiation and vaccine responsiveness.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Chu-Han Hsieh"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wilson Aala"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ying-Chen Tsai"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ya-Fang Huang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Miao-Shan Lin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Daw-Yang Hwang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dar-Bin Shieh"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hsiang-Hsuan Sung"
    },
    {
      "name": "Si-Tse Jiang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ching-Wei Lin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chih-An Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Warren Hughes"
    },
    {
      "name": "Peng-Chieh Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chi-Chang Shieh",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8245-9602"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f0zwg2re5xhds.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.isci.2026.117999",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13717891/?tool=EBI",
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  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "heading",
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    ],
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      "heading",
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      "heading",
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    ],
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      "heading",
      "Immunology"
    ],
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      "heading",
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    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|T-cell and B-cell Immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223111043",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13717891/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13717891",
  "pmid": "42959688",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f0zwg2re5xhds.ris",
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      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:16Z",
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      "url": "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2589004226033821"
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    {
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    {
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.117999"
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  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "heading:Molecular biology",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Cell biology",
      "subfield": "cell-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Biotin-dependent metabolism controls germinal center fate and vaccine-induced antibody diversification",
  "title_text": "Biotin-dependent metabolism controls germinal center fate and vaccine-induced antibody diversification",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:22:07Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f0zwg2re5xhds",
  "venue": "iScience",
  "versions": []
}