{
  "abstract": "Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, emphasizing the need for rapid and reliable diagnostic tools. As technologies move toward simplicity, portability, and real-time analysis, electrochemical biosensors have emerged as promising solutions for effective and sustainable TB detection. This systematic review highlights recent progress in electrochemical immunosensors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 19 relevant studies targeting antigens such as Ag85, ESAT-6, CFP-10, MPT64, LAM, and Hsp16, with one study detecting anti-LAM antibodies. Electrode modifiers were categorized into metallic nanoparticles, conductive polymers, carbon-based nanocomposites, and ternary hybrids. Although carbon-based nanomaterials offer excellent conductivity and biocompatibility, their use in TB immunosensors remains limited. A growing trend toward label-free formats reflects the need for pointof-care compatibility. Advances in nanomaterials have improved sensor performance, but further research using next-generation modifiers and nanozymes is needed to enhance sensitivity and reproducibility.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Sasan Radfar"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mostafa Teymuri"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Holzinger"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shima Mahmoudi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f140gn1bsjkh1.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.btre.2026.e00967",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "f140gn1bsjkh1",
  "issns": [
    "2215-017X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05800238v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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      "openalex",
      "2208|Electrochemical sensors and biosensors"
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  "openalex": "W7164848205",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05800238/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f140gn1bsjkh1.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:57Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05800238",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05800238v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.mp",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.bio",
      "subfield": "systems-synthetic"
    },
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "hal:0.chim",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Advances in electrochemical immunosensors for tuberculosis detection: a systematic review",
  "title_text": "Advances in electrochemical immunosensors for tuberculosis detection: a systematic review",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f140gn1bsjkh1",
  "venue": "Biotechnology Reports",
  "versions": []
}