{
  "abstract": "Rapid urbanization across the Global South is reshaping urban thermal environments, yet the scale-dependent mechanisms linking landscape composition and configuration to land surface temperature (LST) remain poorly quantified in rapidly growing Tier-2 cities. This study aims to evaluate the multiscale spatial relationships between urban green spaces (UGS), urban built-up surfaces (UBS), landscape configuration metrics, and LST across the Lucknow Municipal Corporation (LMC), India, from 2003 to 2025. Using multi-temporal Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 imagery, landscape metrics, spatial statistics, and directional transect profiling, we tracked multi-decadal landscape shifts and calibrated spatial regression models (OLS, GWR, and MGWR) on the contemporary 2025 baseline ( N = 366 ). Between 2003 and 2025, built-up surfaces expanded from 21.62 % to 42.88 % , while vegetation cover fragmented, accompanied by a 1.96 ∘ C increase in mean surface temperature across the pre-monsoon observation dates ( 42.68 ∘ C to 44.64 ∘ C ). Among the evaluated models, the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model provided the best empirical fit ( R 2 = 0.322 , Adjusted R 2 = 0.261 , AICc = 1886.33 ) compared to global OLS ( R 2 = 0.032 , Adjusted R 2 = 0.021 ) and standard GWR ( R 2 = 0.145 , Adjusted R 2 = 0.112 ). MGWR revealed distinct scale dependencies: green space configuration (UGS Edge Density) operated at a localized neighborhood scale (bandwidth = 46 ), whereas built-up land-cover variables operated across broad municipal scales (bandwidths ≥ 357 ). Directional transects confirmed the outward migration of thermal anomalies and intensified peri-urban heating. While based on instantaneous pre-monsoon satellite snapshots and two-dimensional landscape metrics, these findings demonstrate that urban thermal mitigation requires scale-tailored planning: preserving compact, connected green patches at the neighborhood level while managing impervious expansion through municipal-wide master planning.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Continuing Education and Extension, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Delhi, India",
    "Corresponding author."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Rupesh Kumar Gupta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Arpit Gupta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Grinedge Yadav"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yash Kumar Tiwari"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f1jxxtayv8vy6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.indic.2026.101582",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266597272600471X",
  "id": "f1jxxtayv8vy6",
  "issns": [
    "2665-9727"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2026.101582",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "GE1-350"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2305|Urban Heat Island Mitigation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223147824",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f1jxxtayv8vy6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:43:42Z",
      "native_id": "6a2ade61b23849e4b8775208d999d3c9",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2026.101582"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2305|Urban Heat Island Mitigation",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Modelling scale-dependent urban thermal dynamics through landscape structure: A multiscale spatial analysis of Lucknow, India",
  "title_text": "Modelling scale-dependent urban thermal dynamics through landscape structure: A multiscale spatial analysis of Lucknow, India",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:43:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f1jxxtayv8vy6",
  "venue": "Environmental and Sustainability Indicators",
  "versions": []
}