{
  "abstract": "HIV-1 circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE has driven major HIV epidemics across Southeast and East Asia for decades, yet the mechanisms underlying its long-term regional spread remain poorly resolved. Using near-complete genome sequences and Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction, we traced the evolutionary history of CRF01_AE from its origin in Central Africa to its expansion across Asia. Our results uncover a decades-long transmission corridor linking Africa, Thailand, and China, in which CRF01_AE was introduced into Thailand in the early 1980s and subsequently disseminated across Southeast Asia and into China through repeated cross-border movements. Many viral lineages circulated for years before detection, revealing substantial cryptic transmission prior to surveillance. Once established, transmission clusters persisted for decades, sustaining local epidemics long after their initial introduction. These findings highlight the public health importance of early molecular surveillance and coordinated regional strategies to detect emerging lineages and interrupt cross-border transmission.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China",
    "Guoke Ningbo Life Science and Health Industry Research Institute, Ningbo, China",
    "MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom",
    "State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China",
    "Microbiology Laboratory, Weifang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weifang, China",
    "MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xingguang Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "David Jorgensen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Haizhou Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Qing Nie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Callum Bates"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Quan Gu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f2davy5v5xmqv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360404",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "f2davy5v5xmqv",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360404",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2406|HIV Research and Treatment"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biogeography/Phylogeography"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Evolutionary biology/Evolutionary systematics/Phylogenetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Evolutionary biology/Evolutionary systematics/Phylogenetics/Phylogenetic analysis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Evolutionary biology/Population genetics/Phylogeography"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Population genetics/Phylogeography"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV/HIV-1"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV/HIV-1"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV/HIV-1"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/RNA viruses/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV/HIV-1"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV/HIV-1"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV/HIV-1"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Population biology/Population genetics/Phylogeography"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Taxonomy/Evolutionary systematics/Phylogenetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Taxonomy/Evolutionary systematics/Phylogenetics/Phylogenetic analysis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Computer and information sciences/Data management/Taxonomy/Evolutionary systematics/Phylogenetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Computer and information sciences/Data management/Taxonomy/Evolutionary systematics/Phylogenetics/Phylogenetic analysis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Earth sciences/Geography"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Earth sciences/Geography/Biogeography/Phylogeography"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Biogeography/Phylogeography"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV/HIV-1"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV/HIV-1"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/People and places/Geographical locations/Asia/China"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/People and places/Geographical locations/Asia/Thailand"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/People and places/Geographical locations/Asia/Vietnam"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220905082",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0360404&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f2davy5v5xmqv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0360404",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360404"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:evolutionary biology",
      "subfield": "evolutionary-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:microbiology",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Global spread and evolutionary trajectories of HIV-1 CRF01_AE: Insights from phylogenetic analysis",
  "title_text": "Global spread and evolutionary trajectories of HIV-1 CRF01_AE: Insights from phylogenetic analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f2davy5v5xmqv",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}