{
  "abstract": "Background: Ivonescimab plus chemotherapy shows outstanding efficacy for advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its pharmacoeconomic value remains to be determined. Therefore, this study seeks to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the ivonescimab regimen for advanced squamous NSCLC from the Chinese and U.S. healthcare perspectives, and to explore the theoretical cost-effective price threshold of ivonescimab.\n\nMethods: Survival curves from the HARMONi-6 trial were fitted and extrapolated, and direct medical costs were calculated. A partitioned survival model was developed within TreeAge Pro to project disease trajectory and resource utilization over a 10-year time horizon. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), compared against willingness-to-pay (WTP) to assess the ivonescimab regimen’s cost-effectiveness. Sensitivity, scenario, and threshold analyses were performed to assess parameter uncertainty and estimate ivonescimab’s theoretical cost-effective price threshold.\n\nResults: In China, the ivonescimab group cost $60,942 for 2.33 QALYs versus $30,093 for 1.57 QALYs in the tislelizumab group, yielding an ICER of $40,328/QALY. Utility during progressive disease was the most influential parameter. Ivonescimab’s theoretical cost-effective price thresholds were $27.85/100mg, $67.63/100mg, and $107.4/100mg, corresponding to WTPs of single, double, and triple the per-capita GDP, respectively. In the U.S., the total costs were $572,981 and $419,922, and the health outcomes were 3.16 QALYs and 2.19 QALYs for the two arms, with an ICER of $157,444/QALY. Ivonescimab’s price was the dominant driver of ICER. The theoretical cost-effective price thresholds were $609.10/100 mg and $777.31/100mg, corresponding to the $100,000/QALY and $150,000/QALY WTP, respectively.\n\nConclusion: Under the unified model framework of this study, compared with the tislelizumab regimen, the ivonescimab regimen as the first-line treatment for advanced squamous NSCLC in both countries is unlikely to have a cost-effectiveness advantage.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University",
    "Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Xiamen Branch",
    "Clinical Research Center for Cancer Therapy, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University",
    "Xiamen Professional Quality Control Center for Comprehensive Pharmaceutical Affairs Management"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Linxiong Zheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kailong Zhong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Fang Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jiayong Yang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f2x5y4jwfgd7j.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1942976",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1942976/full",
  "id": "f2x5y4jwfgd7j",
  "issns": [
    "1663-9812"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1942976/full",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RM1-950"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2002|Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223827485",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1942976/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f2x5y4jwfgd7j.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:06Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fphar.2026.1942976",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2026.1942976/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T14:21:48Z",
      "native_id": "0672f362e8a2437ea861f45ba672a52d",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2026.1942976"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:RM1-950",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Cost-effectiveness analysis of ivonescimab plus chemotherapy in advanced squamous NSCLC: a Chinese healthcare system perspective with U.S. pricing scenario exploration",
  "title_text": "Cost-effectiveness analysis of ivonescimab plus chemotherapy in advanced squamous NSCLC: a Chinese healthcare system perspective with U.S. pricing scenario exploration",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T14:21:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f2x5y4jwfgd7j",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Pharmacology",
  "versions": []
}