{
  "abstract": "Accurate skull-to-array registration is essential for transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) because CT-derived skull models must be aligned with the physical-array coordinate system to support patient-specific aberration correction. Current workflows typically use MRI and/or external tracking to establish this spatial relationship, adding imaging infrastructure and coordinate transformations to the treatment workflow. Here, we describe an MRI-free CT-to-ultrasound registration framework using a hybrid hemispherical CMUT tFUS array that combines a sparse therapeutic array with an integrated CMUT US-Cross imaging array. The therapeutic array provides pulse-echo measurements of skull location, while the US-Cross array provides local high-resolution images of the skull surface. The approach was evaluated using a CT-derived outer cortical skull surface across a 25-pose matrix with 10-mm lateral offsets between the skull and array centers and +/-5 degree angular perturbations. Five randomized radial-noise seeds were applied to therapeutic pulse-echo measurements to model measurement or element-placement errors, yielding 125 pose-seed realizations per noise and active-element setting. US-Cross imaging features were generated using Field II and delay-multiply-and-sum plane-wave compounding. Four registration modes were evaluated: Therapeutic only, US-imaging only, Sequential, and Fused registration. Fused registration yielded the best overall performance, with a median total displacement error of 0.271 mm [0.169-0.420] and a median rotation error of 0.904 degrees [0.432-1.639]. These results support an all-ultrasound-based approach using a hybrid CMUT tFUS array for MRI-free CT-US skull registration.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.07024",
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Reza Pakdaman Zangabad"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sai Vikas Satyanarayana"
    },
    {
      "name": "Costas D. Arvanitis"
    },
    {
      "name": "F. Levent Degertekin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f3qr7cz02a8jw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.07024",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "f3qr7cz02a8jw",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.07024",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.ins-det"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.med-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220982860",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.07024",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-04",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f3qr7cz02a8jw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:27:22Z",
      "native_id": "2610.07024",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.07024"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.ins-det",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.med-ph",
      "subfield": "biological-medical"
    }
  ],
  "title": "MRI-Free CT-to-Ultrasound Skull Registration in Transcranial Focused Ultrasound using CMUT based Integrated Therapeutic and Imaging Arrays",
  "title_text": "MRI-Free CT-to-Ultrasound Skull Registration in Transcranial Focused Ultrasound using CMUT based Integrated Therapeutic and Imaging Arrays",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:27:22Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f3qr7cz02a8jw",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}