{
  "abstract": "Objective: Anxiety and depression are the most common mental health issues among adolescents, and the impact of air pollution on mental health is gaining increasing attention. This study aims to investigate the association between air pollutant exposure and the risks of anxiety and depression among adolescent students in Sichuan Province, China.\n\nMethod: This study used cross-sectional data from 71,364 school students aged 10 to 19 in Sichuan Province, China, collected during two winter periods: December 2022 to March 2023 and December 2023 to March 2024. PHQ-9 and GAD-7 assessed anxiety/depression (scores ≥ 5); pollution (PM10, PM2.5, O3, CO, SO2, NO2) and weather data via IP informed weighted combined pollution score for exposure. Logistic regression and mixed-effects linear models were employed to evaluate the associations, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, family-related, and meteorological factors.\n\nResults: Both PM10 and O3 showed robust positive associations with mental health risks. In the fully adjusted model (Model 4), each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM10 and O3 was associated with increased risks of anxiety (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.22–1.36 for PM10; OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.19–1.29 for O3) and depression. Mixed-effects models confirmed that O3 significantly increased scale scores. Quantile analysis of the weighted combined pollution score revealed a stepwise increase in risk, highlighting the significant impact of exposure to high pollution levels. Conversely, PM2.5 and SO2 showed inverse associations in this specific context.\n\nConclusions: Exposure to high levels of PM10 and O3 is significantly associated with increased risks of anxiety and depression in adolescents, emphasizing the need for public health measures like air quality monitoring and pollution control policies.\n\nSupplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28370-5.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China",
    "Department of Social Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China",
    "Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Social Consciousness, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756 China",
    "State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China",
    "Key Laboratory of Physical Field Bioeffects and Instrumentation of Sichuan Universities, School of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225 China",
    "Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225 China",
    "Chengdu Plain Urban Meteorology and Environment Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610225 China",
    "Department of Stomatology Informatics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 19,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Cong Wang",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-8148-3704"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hongyu Xie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yulu He"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yi-Yue Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lie Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hui Jin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yang Wen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jia Cai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yun-Fei Mu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yun Xiao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jawad Ahmad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoling Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Lin Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Junwen Peng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Lunwei Kang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Yang Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yonghong Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mao-Sheng Ran"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Ga Liao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f506amax4zmb6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12889-026-28370-5",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13715168/",
  "id": "f506amax4zmb6",
  "issns": [
    "1471-2458"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28370-5",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
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      "2307|Air Quality and Health Impacts"
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  "openalex": "W7171971658",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13715168",
  "pmid": "42947087",
  "published": "2026-07-31",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f506amax4zmb6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:22:32Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13715168",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-026-28370-5"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Air Quality and Health Impacts",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
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  ],
  "title": "Air pollution and mental health in adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Sichuan, China",
  "title_text": "Air pollution and mental health in adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Sichuan, China",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:22:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f506amax4zmb6",
  "venue": "BMC Public Health",
  "versions": []
}