{
  "abstract": "Objectives\n\nTraditional measures of well-being in bipolar disorder (BD) often equate well-being with the absence of mood symptoms, overlooking strengths-based indicators like acceptance, agency, and positive emotion that individuals with BD identify as central to their lived experience of wellness. To address this misalignment, we developed and psychometrically validated a new well-being measure, the Well-being Evaluation for Living with Bipolar (WELL-B), grounded in the concept of thriving.Methods\n\nThe WELL-B was co-designed with individuals with BD and caregivers through a collaborative learning health system and piloted in the Prechter Longitudinal Study for Bipolar Disorder (PLS-BD). Participants (N = 192) completed the WELL-B twice over 2 months. The WELL-B captured personalized, qualitative examples of well-being across eight domains and corresponding quantitative ratings using four overarching prompts. Using both Classical Test Theory and Modern Test Theory frameworks, we evaluated factor structure, internal consistency, item-level properties, test-retest reliability, and convergent and divergent validity.Results\n\nExploratory factor analysis revealed a stable three-factor solution: general well-being, time availability, and work-related well-being factors. All factors showed strong internal consistency (alphas > 0.85), and item response theory analyses indicated moderate to high item discrimination. The well-being factor was strongly associated with better mental health functioning and lower depression, anxiety, and alcohol use. Most participants rated the WELL-B as acceptable, feasible, and meaningful for reflecting on their wellness.Conclusions\n\nThe WELL-B offers a strengths-based, patient-centered approach to assessing well-being in BD. Future directions include refinement, broader validation, and testing clinical utility for treatment planning and monitoring.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.",
    "Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Audrey R Stromberg",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-1609-1306"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alexandra H Vinson",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9062-7899"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Claudia Diaz-Byrd",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4487-3589"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ravleen Kaur",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-8657-047X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Melvin G McInnis"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sarah H Sperry",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1111-7357"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f5jqb4m5mbjr6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1111/bdi.70193",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695044",
  "id": "f5jqb4m5mbjr6",
  "issns": [
    "1398-5647",
    "1399-5618"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42920380",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Bipolar Disorder and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223453451",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13695044?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13695044",
  "pmid": "42920380",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f5jqb4m5mbjr6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42920380",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42920380"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Bipolar Disorder and Treatment",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Developing and Validating a Patient-Centered Measure of Well-Being in Bipolar Disorder: The WELL-B.",
  "title_text": "Developing and Validating a Patient-Centered Measure of Well-Being in Bipolar Disorder: The WELL-B.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f5jqb4m5mbjr6",
  "venue": "Bipolar disorders",
  "versions": []
}