{
  "abstract": "Plasma-Activated Water (PAW) is an emerging non-thermal technology with potential applications in fresh-cut vegetable preservation. The present study investigated the effect of PAW dipping on the glucosinolate-myrosinase system of rocket salad (Eruca sativa) and on selected cellular responses in human Caco-2 cells. Leaves were dipped in PAW for 20 min (PAW-20) or in untreated water (UT). Glucosinolates (GLSs) and their corresponding isothiocyanates (ITCs) were determined by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS, while myrosinase activity was assessed in crude enzyme extracts. Caco-2 cells were exposed to extracts derived from PAW-20 or UT rocket leaf samples. Instrumental analyses revealed higher levels of the precursor GLSs, glucoerucin and glucoraphanin, in the PAW-20 sample compared with the UT one, whereas the corresponding ITCs, erucin and sulforaphane, were present at lower levels despite no detectable differences in myrosinase activity. In Caco-2 cells, PAW-20-derived leaf extracts induced the upregulation of the mRNA levels of specific UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), while no significant modulation of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) or the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels was observed. Moreover, only minor changes were detected in inflammation-related target genes. Overall, under the experimental conditions tested, PAW treatment was associated with changes in the glucosinolate-isothiocyanate balance in rocket leaf extracts and with selective modulation of phase II detoxification gene expression in Caco-2 cells.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.",
    "Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy.",
    "Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Veronica Lolli",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8868-3683"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Salihu Mohammed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Luca Calani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Silvia Tappi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0711-859X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Pietro Rocculi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1255-3185"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Massimiliano Rinaldi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5442-0308"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ileana Ramazzina",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1009-2917"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f5wdcf8j0m76h.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/foods15193565",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13664880",
  "id": "f5wdcf8j0m76h",
  "issns": [
    "2304-8158"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883669",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2741|Plasma Applications and Diagnostics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220912368",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13664880?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13664880",
  "pmid": "42883669",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f5wdcf8j0m76h.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42883669",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883669"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2741|Plasma Applications and Diagnostics",
      "subfield": "imaging"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Plasma-Activated Water Dipping of Fresh-Cut Eruca sativa: An Extended Investigation of the Glucosinolate-Myrosinase System and Cellular Responses.",
  "title_text": "Plasma-Activated Water Dipping of Fresh-Cut Eruca sativa: An Extended Investigation of the Glucosinolate-Myrosinase System and Cellular Responses.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f5wdcf8j0m76h",
  "venue": "Foods (Basel, Switzerland)",
  "versions": []
}