{
  "abstract": "RNA is an increasingly attractive target for small-molecule therapeutics, yet the rational design and computational modelling of RNA-binding small molecules are constrained by the scarcity of experimentally measured binding affinities linked to 3D structures. Here we present ARIEL (Affinity Resource for Interactions of RNA and Ligands), an openly accessible, manually curated database that pairs experimentally determined dissociation constants (Kd) of RNA–ligand complexes with the corresponding experimental structures. We screened 6954 RNA-containing structures from the Protein Data Bank, extracted 2843 complexes with a small ligand, and manually curated the associated primary literature to retrieve the corresponding Kd values. This yielded a nonredundant dataset of 278 RNA–ligand complexes with experimental affinities, including 179 unique ligands bound to 171 different RNA targets, with Kd values spanning nine orders of magnitude (−log Kd 2.1–11.0). Each entry also provides the Kd measurement method and conditions, full literature provenance, ligand physicochemical descriptors, and binding-pocket annotations, with direct cross-links between structures, ligands and source publications. ARIEL will be maintained through regular, versioned releases; it is freely available at https://aocdweb.com/BioTools/ARIEL/.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , Thuwal 23955-6900 ,",
    "Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Pvt. Ltd , Faridabad 121002 ,",
    "Tagetik Software S.R.L , Lucca 55100 ,",
    "Department of Sciences and Technologies, University Parthenope of Naples , Centro Direzionale Isola C4, I-80143, Naples,"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mahmoud Omar Rasheed Zeyadah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Amjad Jaber Alqahtani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sara Al Fliti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nahid Akhtar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Suraj Sharma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Petta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Luigi Cavallo",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1398-338X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Romina Oliva",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6156-6249"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohit Chawla",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3332-3055"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f6abe8scxknex.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/nar/gkag1080",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "f6abe8scxknex",
  "issns": [
    "0305-1048",
    "1362-4962"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nar/gkag1080/9005080",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/nar/gkag1080/72614248/gkag1080.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press (OUP)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f6abe8scxknex.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:50Z",
      "native_id": "10.1093/nar/gkag1080",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://academic.oup.com/nar/advance-article/doi/10.1093/nar/gkag1080/9005080"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "issn:0305-1048",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "ARIEL: an openly accessible database of experimental RNA–ligand binding affinities paired with 3D structures",
  "title_text": "ARIEL: an openly accessible database of experimental RNA–ligand binding affinities paired with 3D structures",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T00:20:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f6abe8scxknex",
  "venue": "Nucleic Acids Research",
  "versions": []
}