{
  "abstract": "School flooding poses a significant threat to educational continuity in developing countries. This study develops a GIS-based decision-support framework to assess and prioritize flood exposure across 2220 schools in the West Bank, Palestine, by integrating a previously developed flood hazard map with school locations and student enrollment data. The results show that fewer than 8% of schools are located in low or very low flood hazard classes, indicating limited low-hazard educational alternatives for emergency planning. Exposure scoring identified 111 critical-priority schools (top 5%), 66% of which are located in Hebron, Jerusalem, and Nablus. High flood exposure combined with larger student populations may amplify educational disruption. The Getis-Ord Gi* analysis identified significant high-exposure clusters in Nablus, Ramallah-Jerusalem, and Hebron. Based on these findings, a decision support framework was developed that translates spatial analysis into three operational decision pathways: policy and planning, school-level, and area-level. The framework was supported by quantitative and empirical validation evidence. The framework contributes to the objectives of the Sendai Framework Target D and SDG 4 on quality education. It offers educational decision-makers and emergency planners a systematic, spatially explicit basis for proactive flood preparedness, supporting student protection and educational continuity during extreme flood events.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Civil & Architectural Engineering Department, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sameer Shadeed"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f6f6k138qag25.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.pdisas.2026.100787",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590061726002735",
  "id": "f6f6k138qag25",
  "issns": [
    "2590-0617"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2026.100787",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "GE1-350"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "H1-99"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2306|Flood Risk Assessment and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7202300792",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-05",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f6f6k138qag25.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T14:21:20Z",
      "native_id": "045a6ba020ef404fae5f6ef5d5e9672c",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2026.100787"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2306|Flood Risk Assessment and Management",
      "subfield": "climate"
    }
  ],
  "title": "GIS-based flood hazard exposure assessment of schools in the West Bank, Palestine: a decision support framework",
  "title_text": "GIS-based flood hazard exposure assessment of schools in the West Bank, Palestine: a decision support framework",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T14:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f6f6k138qag25",
  "venue": "Progress in Disaster Science",
  "versions": []
}