{
  "abstract": "Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a poorly understood disease involving a high inflammatory status. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as a new pathway to contain infectious diseases but can also participate in the imbalance of the inflammatory and the coagulation systems. NETs could be a therapeutic target in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Consecutive patients with SARS-CoV2 related pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit were included in a prospective bicentric study. Neutrophil extracellular trap concentrations were quantified in whole blood samples at day-1 and day-3 by flow cytometry. The primary outcome was the association between the blood NET quantification at ICU admission and the number of days with refractory hypoxemia defined by a PaO2/FIO2 ratio ≤100 mmHg. Results: Among 181 patients admitted to the ICUs for acute respiratory failure related to SARS-CoV2 pneumonia, 58 were included in the analysis. Patients were 62 [54, 69] years old in median, mostly male (75.9%). The median number of days with severe hypoxemia was 4 [2, 6] days and day-28 mortality was 27.6% (n = 16). The blood level of NETs significantly decreased between day-1 and day-3 in patients who survived (59.5 [30.5, 116.6] to 47 [33.2, 62.4] p = 0.006; 8.6 [3.4, 18.0] to 4 [1.4, 10.7] p = 0.001 and 7.4 [4.0, 16.7] to 2.6 [1.0, 8.3] p = 0.001 for MPO+, Cit-H3+, and MPO+ Cit-H3+ NETs, respectively) while it remained stable in patients who died (38.4 [26.0, 54.8] to 44.5 [36.4, 77.7] p = 0.542; 4.9 [1.3, 13.0] to 5.5 [2.8, 6.9] p = 0.839 and 4 [1.3, 13.6] to 2.7 [1.4, 4.5] p = 0.421 for MPO+, Cit-H3+, and MPO+ Cit-H3+ NETs, respectively). In multivariable negative binomial regression, the blood level of MPO+ NETs was negatively associated with the number of days with severe hypoxemia within 7 days (0.84 [0.73, 0.97]), while neither Cit-H3+ NETs nor double-positive NETs were significantly associated with the primary outcome. Conclusion: The whole blood level of NETs at day-1 was negatively associated with the number of days with severe hypoxemia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit for SARS-CoV2 related pneumonia. The lack of decrease of the blood level of NETs between day-1 and day-3 discriminated patients who died within day-28.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Godement M"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhu J"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cerf C"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vieillard-Baron A"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maillon A"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zuber B"
    },
    {
      "name": "Valérie Bardet"
    },
    {
      "name": "Geri G"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f71wjr25da5fz.bib",
  "cited_by": 29,
  "doi": "10.3389/fmed.2021.615984",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "f71wjr25da5fz",
  "issns": [
    "2296-858X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05785524v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.sdv.mhep"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "2.sdv.mhep.hem"
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    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W3126249091",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.615984/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": "Frontiers media",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f71wjr25da5fz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:50Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05785524",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05785524v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in SARS-CoV2 Related Pneumonia in ICU Patients: The NETCOV2 Study.",
  "title_text": "Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in SARS-CoV2 Related Pneumonia in ICU Patients: The NETCOV2 Study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:50Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f71wjr25da5fz",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Medicine",
  "versions": []
}