{
  "abstract": "Flooding poses a growing risk to electric substations, yet statewide assessments often fail to connect facility exposure with the spatial context of service territories, communities, built environments, and grid infrastructure. This study develops a data-driven geospatial framework to assess direct and indirect flood impacts on electrical substations across Iowa under 50-, 100-, and 500-year flood scenarios. The framework combines footprint-level inundation analysis with county aggregation, electric service boundaries (ESB), influence zones, demographic and energy-burden indicators, kernel density mapping, and allocation-sensitivity checks. Results show that exposed substations increase from 108 to 226 across the scenarios, with deeper and broader within-site inundation under larger events. Under the 500-year scenario, direct exposure affects 12.83% of substations, but affected service territories contain 66.27% of Iowa’s population, 68.03% of statewide building footprint area, and 46.59% of grid-line length. Influence zone results show that impacted substation-centered zones contain 20.51% of the statewide population and remain above the statewide energy-burden average. Exposure concentrates along eastern and southeastern Iowa near the Mississippi corridor, extends into western and northwestern border transmission corridors, and appears as a strong urban built-environment hotspot in Polk County. Sensitivity results show that building-area exposure is the most transferable indicator between ESB and influence frameworks, while grid-line exposure is more boundary-dependent. The framework identifies priority substations where flood exposure intersects with broader regional consequence potential.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Ege Duran"
    },
    {
      "name": "Omer Mermer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ibrahim Demir"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f7ejdqdgwfwan.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.31223/x5s23c",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "f7ejdqdgwfwan",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://eartharxiv.org/repository/view/15731/",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/legalcode",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "bepress",
      "Critical Infrastructure"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Electric Service Boundaries"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Electrical Substations"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Flood Hazard Assessment"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Geographic Information Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Power Grid Resilience"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Resource Allocation"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Socio-Economic Vulnerability"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Spatial Exposure Modeling"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2306|Flood Risk Assessment and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223461112",
  "pdf_url": "https://eartharxiv.org/repository/object/15731/download/27247/",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-24",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f7ejdqdgwfwan.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:52Z",
      "native_id": "15731",
      "source": "eartharxiv",
      "url": "https://eartharxiv.org/repository/view/15731/"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2306|Flood Risk Assessment and Management",
      "subfield": "climate"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Flood Exposure Assessment of Electrical Substations in Iowa Using Geospatial Service-Area and Influence-Zone Modeling",
  "title_text": "Flood Exposure Assessment of Electrical Substations in Iowa Using Geospatial Service-Area and Influence-Zone Modeling",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:52Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f7ejdqdgwfwan",
  "venue": "EarthArXiv",
  "versions": []
}