{
  "abstract": "A simple strategy was developed to fabricate self-supporting bioanodes from graphitized palm-tree-branch powder for application in membrane-less microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Palm tree branches were graphitized at 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C, ground into fine powder, blended with bitumen and starch, compression-moulded and thermally treated to produce robust anodes. The resulting electrodes were evaluated in an air-cathode, single-chamber MFC using raw sewage wastewater without external microbial inoculation or nutrient addition. Structural and electrochemical analyses showed that the prepared anodes possessed rough porous surfaces, stable carbon-dominated electrochemical behaviour and improved conductivity compared with an activated-carbon-based anode. Among the investigated samples, the anode prepared from palm branches graphitized at 1000°C exhibited the best overall performance. In sewage containing 5g l−1 sodium acetate, this anode delivered a maximum power density of about 1300 mW m−2, which was nearly 25 times higher than that of the activated-carbon-based anode (approx. 52 mW m−2). Even under electrolyte-free conditions, the same anode generated a maximum power density of about 400 mW m−2, indicating that intrinsically retained inorganic species, particularly KCl, may contribute to sustaining MFC operation without external electrolyte addition. In contrast, NaCl showed a much weaker promoting effect than sodium acetate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed relatively low ohmic and charge-transfer resistances under the optimum condition.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Faisal University 1 , P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia",
    "Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University 2 , Minya, Egypt"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nasser A. M. Barakat",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0085-5431"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mahmoud M. Bin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ibrahim Ashour"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f82d6hr4ftmhx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1098/rsos.261016",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13682878",
  "id": "f82d6hr4ftmhx",
  "issns": [
    "2054-5703"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/261016/483789/Self-supporting-graphitized-palm-branch-anodes-for",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2305|Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223038788",
  "pdf_url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article-pdf/doi/10.1098/rsos.261016/6172274/rsos.261016.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13682878",
  "pmid": "42904017",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "The Royal Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f82d6hr4ftmhx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:45Z",
      "native_id": "10.1098/rsos.261016",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/rsos/article/13/10/261016/483789/Self-supporting-graphitized-palm-branch-anodes-for"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42904017",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42904017"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2305|Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Self-supporting graphitized palm-branch anodes for enhanced electricity generation from sewage wastewater in membrane-less microbial fuel cells",
  "title_text": "Self-supporting graphitized palm-branch anodes for enhanced electricity generation from sewage wastewater in membrane-less microbial fuel cells",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f82d6hr4ftmhx",
  "venue": "Royal Society Open Science",
  "versions": []
}