{
  "abstract": "Engineering electromagnetic hardware to satisfy discrete quantum-defined spectral constraints constitutes a general spectral co-design problem for quantum systems. Here we address this challenge in multifrequency Rydberg electrometry by directly coupling a fabrication-constrained simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA)--Adam optimizer to full-wave finite-element eigenmode simulations. Requiring neither analytical nor adjoint gradients, the method operates over a discrete design space containing approximately $10^{300}$-configurations and yields a novel multimode electrometry architecture that simultaneously aligns four high-$Q$ eigenmodes with four selected Cs Rydberg transitions. The optimized design remains highly robust to fabrication imperfections, achieving a relative frequency error as low as $8.42\\times10^{-7}$ while reducing the device length by a factor of $1.75\\times10^{2}$, thereby overcoming the difficulty of simultaneous multimode spectral matching encountered in conventional design. For a comparable simulation budget, the proposed co-design framework achieves frequency-matching errors approximately 10 and 41 times smaller than those of covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy and discrete simulated annealing, respectively. The electrometry is predicted to provide an average input-power-sensitivity enhancement of approximately $4.04\\times10^{3}$, demonstrating quantum--hardware spectral co-design as a general route toward compact hardware for multichannel quantum sensing.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.11635",
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Song Huang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Guibin Tian"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fernando Quijandría"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhengjiang Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhimin He"
    },
    {
      "name": "Franco Nori"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yong Lu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f9zncd71xcc50.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.11635",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "f9zncd71xcc50",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11635",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3107|Mechanical and Optical Resonators"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212311845",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.11635",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-10",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f9zncd71xcc50.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:26Z",
      "native_id": "2609.11635",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11635"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Quantum-hardware spectral co-design framework for multifrequency Rydberg electrometry",
  "title_text": "Quantum-hardware spectral co-design framework for multifrequency Rydberg electrometry",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/f9zncd71xcc50",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}