{
  "abstract": "This study evaluated the effects of three extenders (Tris, HEPES, and skim milk), three freezing temperatures (-79, -90, and − 120 °C), and three final sperm concentrations (600, 800, and 1000 × 10⁶ spermatozoa/mL) on the post-thaw quality of Santa Inês ram semen. Semen was collected weekly from five rams during six consecutive weeks, pooled, and subjected to a 3 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Samples were cryopreserved using a programmable freezing system (TK3000®) and stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawing, sperm quality was assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and sperm morphology evaluation. Data were analyzed using mixed models, considering extender, freezing temperature, sperm concentration, and their interactions as fixed effects and collection week as a random effect. Tris consistently resulted in greater (P < 0.05) total motility, progressive motility, and percentage of rapid spermatozoa compared with HEPES and skim milk extenders. Semen frozen at 600 × 10⁶ spermatozoa/mL showed superior post-thaw motility characteristics relative to higher sperm concentrations. Freezing temperature affected sperm kinetics, particularly in skim milk and HEPES extenders, whereas Tris maintained stable performance across the evaluated temperatures. Total morphological abnormalities were minimally influenced by the treatments. Overall, under the experimental conditions evaluated, the combination of Tris extender, a freezing temperature of -79 °C, and a sperm concentration of 600 × 10⁶ spermatozoa/mL provided the most favorable post-thaw sperm quality among the treatments tested. However, progressive motility remained relatively low, indicating that further optimization and fertility validation are required before this combination can be recommended for practical application.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural and Biological Sciences, State University Vale do Acaraú (UVA), Sobral, Ceará Brazil",
    "Department of Animal Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil",
    "Center for Education, Sciences and Technology of the Inhamuns Region, State University of Ceará (UECE), Tauá, Ceará Brazil",
    "Department of Animal Science, Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará Brazil",
    "Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Umirim Campus, Umirim, Ceará Brazil",
    "School of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, Ceará Brazil"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fátima Révia Granja Lima"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Paula Renata Cortat"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2285-9695"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mirela Balistrieri"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Renato Mesquita Peixoto"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ana Glaudia Catunda"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Ana Claudia Nascimento Campos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Airtor Alencar Araújo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fahfq6y034m3p.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1007/s11250-026-05435-6",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13755103/",
  "id": "fahfq6y034m3p",
  "issns": [
    "0049-4747",
    "1573-7438"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-026-05435-6",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Regular Articles"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2743|Sperm and Testicular Function"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225791409",
  "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11250-026-05435-6.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13755103",
  "pmid": "43013136",
  "published": "2026-11-11",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fahfq6y034m3p.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-15T12:23:59Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13755103",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-026-05435-6"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2743|Sperm and Testicular Function",
      "subfield": "reproductive-child"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Influence of extender type, freezing temperature, and sperm concentration on the cryosurvival of Santa Inês ram spermatozoa",
  "title_text": "Influence of extender type, freezing temperature, and sperm concentration on the cryosurvival of Santa Inês ram spermatozoa",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-15T12:23:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fahfq6y034m3p",
  "venue": "Tropical Animal Health and Production",
  "versions": []
}