{
  "abstract": "Purpose: This study aims to investigate the immunoprotective mechanisms of GSRd, an active ingredient of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey (P. ginseng C.A. Mey), against post-MI HF, with particular focus on its regulatory effects on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Monocytes/macrophages (Mos/Mφs).\n\nMaterials and Methods: UPLC-MS/MS was used to identify GSRd. A mouse post-MI HF model was established by LAD ligation to observe GSRd-mediated changes in Tregs, IL-10 and Mos/Mφs. Network pharmacology predicted GSRd core targets against post-MI HF. Single-cell virtual knockout evaluated target function, while protein-protein docking predicted IL-10-core target binding regions. In vitro, LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were applied for inflammatory modeling, with exogenous IL-10 as positive control and Stattic for functional reverse validation of GSRd.\n\nResults: UPLC-MS/MS confirmed GSRd in P. ginseng C.A. Mey. GSRd ameliorated cardiac function and alleviated myocardial fibrosis in post-MI HF mice. Immunologically, GSRd facilitated the recruitment of Tregs in failing myocardium and peripheral circulation and elevated IL-10 expression. Furthermore, GSRd promoted the polarization of Mos/Mφs toward anti-inflammatory Ly6Clow phenotype (with upregulated CD206 and Arg1), suppressed pro-inflammatory Ly6Chigh polarization, and reduced the secretion of TNF-ppressed pro-inflammatory Ly6Cin post-MI HF mice. Immunologically, GSRd facilitated the recruitment of Tregs in failing myocardium and peripheral ci of STAT3 in cardiac monocytes/macrophages predicted that STAT3 acts as a critical regulator maintaining cardiac inflammatory balance and immune homeostasis. Protein-protein interaction analysis predicted the binding domains between IL-10 and STAT3; molecular docking predicted that ginsenoside Rd can stably bind to Foxp3, IL-10 and STAT3. In vitro experiments revealed that GSRd promotes STAT3 phosphorylation to induce RAW264.7 macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and Stattic attenuates the protective effects of GSRd.\n\nConclusion: The present study demonstrates that GSRd confers therapeutic benefits against post-MI HF via modulating the cardiac immune microenvironment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People’s Republic of China",
    "Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People’s Republic of China",
    "Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure, Guangdong Clinical Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People’s Republic of China"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Tingyao Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Huili Liao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Rongfei Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Bodi Xiao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zhaocong Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Fangyuan Qu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Minqi Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zhongqi Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Shihao Ni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Xinting Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3823-6126"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fb99fjx4qbhfk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.2147/dddt.s651891",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13724828/",
  "id": "fb99fjx4qbhfk",
  "issns": [
    "1177-8881"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s651891",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223662504",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.dovepress.com/article/download/121401",
  "pmcid": "PMC13724828",
  "pmid": "42973927",
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Dove Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fb99fjx4qbhfk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:23:20Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13724828",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s651891"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:48Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42973927",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42973927"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Ginseng Biological Effects and Applications",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Mechanism Study of Ginsenoside Rd in the Prevention and Treatment of Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure: Network Pharmacology Combined with in vivo and in vitro Experiments Verification",
  "title_text": "Mechanism Study of Ginsenoside Rd in the Prevention and Treatment of Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure: Network Pharmacology Combined with in vivo and in vitro Experiments Verification",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:13Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fb99fjx4qbhfk",
  "venue": "Drug Design, Development and Therapy",
  "versions": []
}