{
  "abstract": "Mn oxides in polymetallic nodules act as pivotal reservoirs for Ni and Cu, governing the biogeochemical cycling of these metals in marine environments. However, accurate identification of Mn-oxide phases—such as buserite, asbolane, and todorokite—remains challenging due to their similar X-ray diffraction characteristics. By applying an integrated mineralogical approach, this study elucidates the distribution and mineralogical controls of Ni and Cu in two diagenetic nodules from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone. Our results demonstrate a distinct mineralogical zonation: todorokite is predominantly concentrated in the inner layers (constituting up to ∼ 68% of the Mn-oxide assemblage), while the outer layers are dominated by 10 Å vernadite (buserite) and asbolane. XANES analysis reveals a significantly higher proportion of Mn(III) in the inner layers (15–25%) compared to the outer layers (8–10%). This Mn(III) enrichment, which we interpret as resulting from early nodule growth under high-productivity-driven suboxic conditions, likely promotes the transformation of 10 Å vernadite into todorokite. This mineralogical transition induces to a 40–50% decrease in Ni content in the inner layer, consistent with the lower compatibility of Ni in the todorokite structure. In contrast, Cu2+, as a Jahn–Teller active element, appears to be compatible with the todorokite structure and exhibits similar contents in both todorokite and asbolane. As nodule growth proceeds into more oxic environments, the Increased Stability of Mn(IV), most likely inhibited tectomanganate formation and may have favored the phyllomanganate stability. Furthermore, the precipitation metal (hydr)oxides in phyllomanganate interlayers could have led to the asbolane formation. Collectively, our findings underscore that fine-scale mineralogical characterization is indispensable for deciphering the distinct biogeochemical behaviors of Ni and Cu governed by specific Mn oxides.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Zedong Fan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiaohu Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yanhui Dong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bruno Lanson"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhongkuan Wu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Weilin Ma"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhenggang Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Junming Zhou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yi Ding"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hao Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhimin Zhu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jie Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xingwei Meng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Huaiming Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fengyou Chu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fbb28yvt53gv9.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.gca.2026.04.016",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "fbb28yvt53gv9",
  "issns": [
    "0016-7037",
    "1872-9533"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://insu.hal.science/insu-05795857v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdu"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.sdu.envi"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1906|Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7154741910",
  "pdf_url": "https://insu.hal.science/insu-05795857/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fbb28yvt53gv9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:55Z",
      "native_id": "insu-05795857",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://insu.hal.science/insu-05795857v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdu.envi",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Distribution and evolution of manganese minerals in polymetallic nodules from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone: implications for nickel and copper enrichment",
  "title_text": "Distribution and evolution of manganese minerals in polymetallic nodules from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone: implications for nickel and copper enrichment",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fbb28yvt53gv9",
  "venue": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta",
  "versions": []
}