{
  "abstract": "Primate lentiviruses counteract antiviral APOBEC3 (A3) cytidine deaminases through virion infectivity factor (Vif), which recruits A3 proteins to a Cullin–RING E3 ubiquitin ligase for proteasomal degradation. While HIV-1 Vif is well characterized, HIV-2 Vif remains poorly defined due to divergent sequences. Here we report a 3.08 Å cryo-EM structure of HIV-2 Vif bound to chimpanzee A3H (cpzA3H) and E3 ligase components. HIV-2 Vif adopts a conserved global fold but engages cpzA3H through a binding interface distinct from HIV-1 Vif, achieving target recognition through numerous weak contacts distributed across an extended interface. The structure reveals a direct CBFβ–cpzA3H interface absent in HIV-1 Vif-A3H complexes, establishing CBFβ as a bivalent adaptor that actively contributes to substrate recruitment. Despite these structural differences, lysine 50 of cpzA3H is the shared ubiquitination target of both HIV-1- and HIV-2 Vif-induced degradation, revealing convergent function achieved through divergent structural solutions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Katarzyna A. Skorupka",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6631-6011"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kazuhiro Matsuoka",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1217-3550"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mayumi Imahashi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-4106"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yoshiyuki Yokomaku"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yasumasa Iwatani",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9269-4828"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hiroshi Matsuo",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4559-6157"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fbjv0ybpz1913.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41467-026-78197-2",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13737106/",
  "id": "fbjv0ybpz1913",
  "issns": [
    "2041-1723"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78197-2",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2406|HIV Research and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220837043",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78197-2_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13737106",
  "pmid": "42982862",
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fbjv0ybpz1913.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:38Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41467-026-78197-2",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-78197-2"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13737106",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-78197-2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2406|HIV Research and Treatment",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Divergent interfaces and convergent outcome in the structural basis of HIV-2 Vif antagonism of APOBEC3H",
  "title_text": "Divergent interfaces and convergent outcome in the structural basis of HIV-2 Vif antagonism of APOBEC3H",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fbjv0ybpz1913",
  "venue": "Nature Communications",
  "versions": []
}