{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Adults in rural US areas experience higher rates of tobacco use and related disease. They also have lower cigarette cessation success than those in non-rural areas, but it is unknown how transitions from exclusive cigarette use to other product use differ by geolocation. This study examined longitudinal associations between geolocation (urban, suburban, town, rural) and transitions from exclusive cigarette smoking.\n\nMethods: We conducted a secondary analysis of pooled wave-pair observations from US adults participating in Waves (W) 1–6 of the Population Assessment for Tobacco and Health Study (2013–2021) who had exclusive past 30-day cigarette smoking at the wave-pair baseline and one of the following at the wave-pair follow-up: 1) continued exclusive cigarette smoking, 2) continued smoking with other added tobacco products, 3) switched to exclusive e-cigarette use, or 4) quit tobacco completely (reference group). Survey-weighted random-intercept multinomial logistic regressions were conducted, adjusting for sociodemographics, smoking-related factors, and survey wave.\n\nResults: Of 13634 wave-pairs (32.3% suburban, 28.3% urban, 27.3% rural, 12.1% town), 90.8% continued smoking (73.7% exclusively smoking cigarettes, 17.1% with other added tobacco products), 1.2% switched to e-cigarettes, and 8.0% quit tobacco completely. Town (adjusted relative risk ratio, ARRR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.10–2.10) or rural (ARRR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.05–1.69) adults were significantly more likely to continue exclusive smoking than urban adults, with no significant associations between geolocation and other tobacco transitions.\n\nConclusions: Living in town or rural (vs urban) US areas was associated with an increased likelihood of continued exclusive cigarette smoking compared to quitting tobacco, suggesting that targeted interventions and policies are needed to support these populations.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Public Health Westat Bethesda United States",
    "Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation Louisville United States",
    "Department of Psychology Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago United States",
    "National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Bethesda United States",
    "Kelly Government Solutions Bethesda United States",
    "Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center Columbus United States",
    "Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore",
    "School of Global Public Health New York University New York United States",
    "College of Nursing University of Kentucky Lexington United States"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jenny E. Ozga"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Melissa H. Abadi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nancy C. Jao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "John H. Kingsbury"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Michael J. Parks"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Alayna P. Tackett"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Wubin Xie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Shu Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Jing Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Cassandra A. Stanton"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fbmhhejnmbar9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.18332/tid/226559",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13720716/",
  "id": "fbmhhejnmbar9",
  "issns": [
    "2070-7266",
    "1617-9625"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/226559",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Paper"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Smoking Behavior and Cessation"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224161551",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/pdf-226559-149717?filename=Transitions-from-cigarett.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13720716",
  "pmid": "42964520",
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "The International Society for the Prevention of Tobacco Induced Diseases",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fbmhhejnmbar9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:33Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13720716",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/226559"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2737|Smoking Behavior and Cessation",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Transitions from cigarette smoking by geolocation among US adults: Results from waves 1-6 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study 2013–2021",
  "title_text": "Transitions from cigarette smoking by geolocation among US adults: Results from waves 1-6 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study 2013–2021",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fbmhhejnmbar9",
  "venue": "Tobacco Induced Diseases",
  "versions": []
}