{
  "abstract": "DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that helps define and maintain cellular functions. It is influenced by many factors, including environmental exposures, genotype, cell type, sex, and aging. Since age is the primary risk factor for developing neurodegenerative diseases, it is important to determine if age-related DNA methylation is retained when cells are reprogrammed to an induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) state. Here, we selected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; n = 99) from a cohort of diverse and healthy individuals enrolled in the Genetic and Epigenetic Signatures of Translational Aging Laboratory Testing (GESTALT) study to reprogram to iPSCs. After reprogramming, the resulting iPSCs were evaluated for DNA methylation signatures to determine if they reflect the confounding factors of aging and environmental effects. Data from genome-wide DNA methylation arrays in both cell types showed that age-related methylation measured by epigenetic clocks is largely reset to an early methylation age after reprogramming of PBMCs to iPSCs. We further examined the epigenetic age of each cell type using an Epigenome-wide Association Study (EWAS) and identified a set of methylation Quantitative Trait Loci in each cell type. Our results show that age-related DNA methylation is largely reset in iPSCs, and each cell type has a unique set of methylation sites that are modified by population-level genetic variation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America",
    "Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America",
    "DataTecnica LLC, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America",
    "Neuromuscular Disease Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America",
    "Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America",
    "Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America",
    "Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America",
    "Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America",
    "Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xylena Reed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Cory A. Weller"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sara Saez-Atienzar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Alexandra Beilina"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sultana Solaiman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Makayla Portley"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Mary Kaileh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Roshni Roy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Jinhui Ding"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Zenobia Moore"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. Thad Whitaker"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bryan J. Traynor"
    },
    {
      "name": "Luigi Ferrucci"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Raphael Gibbs"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sonja W. Scholz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mark R. Cookson"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fdgg1aa3sr7bb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0356501",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "fdgg1aa3sr7bb",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0356501",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Epigenetics and DNA Methylation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Nucleic acids/DNA/DNA modification/DNA methylation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Stem cells/Induced pluripotent stem cells"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Chromosome biology/Chromatin/Chromatin modification/DNA methylation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Chromosome biology/Chromosomes/Chromosome structure and function/Telomeres/Telomere length"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/DNA/DNA modification/DNA methylation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Epigenetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Epigenetics/Chromatin/Chromatin modification/DNA methylation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Epigenetics/DNA modification/DNA methylation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Gene expression/Chromatin/Chromatin modification/DNA methylation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Gene expression/DNA modification/DNA methylation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Genetics/Genomics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular biology techniques/Cloning"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical reactions/Methylation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Molecular biology techniques/Cloning"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7211963842",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0356501&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-08",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fdgg1aa3sr7bb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0356501",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0356501"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "plos:gene expression",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:genetics",
      "subfield": "genetics-genomics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Characterization of DNA methylation in PBMCs and donor-matched iPSCs shows age-related methylation is reset during stem cell reprogramming",
  "title_text": "Characterization of DNA methylation in PBMCs and donor-matched iPSCs shows age-related methylation is reset during stem cell reprogramming",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fdgg1aa3sr7bb",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}