{
  "abstract": "As immunoregulatory cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play pivotal roles in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. However, Tregs exhibit distinct functions across different diseases. In cancer, Tregs are most likely to suppress antitumor immune responses and promote tumor immune evasion, whereas in inflammatory diseases, functionally competent Tregs mitigate excessive immune activation and facilitate tissue repair. Notably, dysfunctional Tregs lead to persistent inflammation and progression to chronic disease. Therefore, targeting Tregs has emerged as an attractive immunotherapeutic strategy for both cancer and inflammatory disorders. Recent studies have shown that Tregs exhibit instability and plasticity under specific conditions, allowing them to shift between functional and dysfunctional states. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic changes in Tregs and their regulatory mechanisms in diverse pathological contexts is highly important. In this review, we summarize the dual roles of Tregs in cancer and various inflammatory diseases. We explore the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms underlying their biological characteristics, with a particular focus on how microenvironmental cues shape Treg behavior. Additionally, we discuss recent advances in Treg-targeted therapies in these disease contexts. Overall, this review greatly advances our understanding of the roles of Tregs in cancer and inflammation and helps inform the development of more precise and effective therapeutic strategies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China",
    "Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China",
    "Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China",
    "Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China",
    "Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China",
    "Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. nixiaunion@163.com",
    "Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. nixiaunion@163.com",
    "Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. nixiaunion@163.com",
    "Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China. nixiaunion@163.com",
    "Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. nathancx@hust.edu.cn",
    "Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China. nathancx@hust.edu.cn",
    "Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. nathancx@hust.edu.cn",
    "Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, China. nathancx@hust.edu.cn"
  ],
  "article_type": "review",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Haoyi Yang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5878-3787"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Haitao Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1639-4089"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6,
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Ni Xia"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        10,
        11,
        12
      ],
      "name": "Xiang Cheng",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6287-3128"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fe7r8ard2dbfa.bib",
  "cited_by": 8,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41392-026-02584-w",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "fe7r8ard2dbfa",
  "issns": [
    "2059-3635",
    "2095-9907"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-026-02584-w",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|T-cell and B-cell Immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7163008241",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-026-02584-w.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13226692",
  "pmid": "42225638",
  "published": "2026-06-01",
  "publisher": "Springer Nature",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fe7r8ard2dbfa.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:51Z",
      "native_id": "W7163008241",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-026-02584-w"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2403|T-cell and B-cell Immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Regulatory T cells in cancer and inflammation",
  "title_text": "Regulatory T cells in cancer and inflammation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T13:21:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fe7r8ard2dbfa",
  "venue": "Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy",
  "versions": []
}