{
  "abstract": "Under nutrient stress, plants adjust shoot branching, root remodeling, and symbiotic associations to optimize survival and growth. The GRAS-type transcription factor NODULATION SIGNALING PATHWAY 2 (NSP2) participates in these responses through context-dependent interactions with partners: NSP1, MYB40, and SLR1, and is indirectly repressed by SMAX1 via NSP1 and SLR1. NSP2 functions differ among species: it directly binds DNA in rice (Oryza sativa) strigolactone (SL) biosynthesis, whereas in M. truncatula it acts as a co-regulator in nodulation and flavonoid regulation, with NSP1 or MYB40 providing DNA-binding activity; the NSP2-MYB module also appears conserved in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Through these partnerships, NSP2 is proposed to coordinate three interconnected modules influencing plant architecture, rhizosphere chemistry, and symbiotic associations. The NSP1-NSP2 heterodimer activates SL biosynthesis under phosphate deficiency, remodeling root/shoot architecture and balancing N/P uptake in rice. The NSP1-NSP2-SLR1-SMAX1 quaternary module integrates phosphate, gibberellin, and karrikin signals to orchestrate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice. Under nitrogen limitation and rhizobial infection, the NSP2-MYB40 module enhances flavonoid biosynthesis to promote rhizobial nodulation in Medicago truncatula. These findings suggest that the NSP2-centered network could be targeted to improve nutrient-use efficiency, although further field validation is required.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.",
    "Yangling Demonstration Zone Bureau of Modern Agriculture and Rural Revitalization, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yanting Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yanni Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ranran Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shulei Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuanfeng Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/febq7faxfmqgj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/biology15191683",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13663474",
  "id": "febq7faxfmqgj",
  "issns": [
    "2079-7737"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883356",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213975388",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13663474?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13663474",
  "pmid": "42883356",
  "published": "2026-09-22",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/febq7faxfmqgj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42883356",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42883356"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Nodulation Signaling Pathway 2: A Proposed Multifunctional Signaling Hub for Coordinating Plant Architecture, Rhizosphere Chemistry, and Symbiotic Associations Under Nutrient Stress.",
  "title_text": "Nodulation Signaling Pathway 2: A Proposed Multifunctional Signaling Hub for Coordinating Plant Architecture, Rhizosphere Chemistry, and Symbiotic Associations Under Nutrient Stress.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/febq7faxfmqgj",
  "venue": "Biology",
  "versions": []
}