{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nThe popularity of protein supplements (PS) has increased significantly in recent years. Their use is often undertaken without the supervision of a healthcare professional, which may lead to excessive or inappropriate intake and, consequently, pose a health risk.Objective\n\nTo assess knowledge and consumption habits regarding PS among the Spanish population.Material and methods\n\nA cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a digital questionnaire (Google Forms®) among 168 participants aged 15-70 years.Results\n\nOverall, 35.7% of respondents reported consuming PS, with increasing muscle mass being the main reason for consumption among 66.7% of these participants. Although 100% of participants recognised the risks associated with excessive consumption, 26.2% were unaware of the existence of maximum recommended intakes. Among those who were aware of these limits, most believed that the maximum intake was above 30 g of PS per day.Discussion\n\nThere is a substantial gap between PS consumption and knowledge of safe intake levels. These findings highlight the need to strengthen the role of community pharmacists as key healthcare professionals in promoting the rational and safe use of PS.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Research Group on Environmental Toxicology and Food and Drug Safety, University of La Laguna, La Laguna 38071, Spain Spain.",
    "Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain Spain."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elena Bethencourt-Barbuzano",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2931-7848"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Soraya Paz-Montelongo",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0878-7138"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ángel José Gutiérrez",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1581-0850"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Arturo Hardisson de la Torre",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5760-4687"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Montaña Cámara Hurtado",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9232-0703"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Carmen Rubio Armendáriz",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8774-5870"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fejgwk3efc8dw.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.33620/fc.2173-9218.2026.36",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13655811",
  "id": "fejgwk3efc8dw",
  "issns": [
    "2173-9218"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908552",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Nutrition and Health Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221816254",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13655811?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13655811",
  "pmid": "42908552",
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fejgwk3efc8dw.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42908552",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908552"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Nutrition and Health Studies",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Consumption and knowledge of protein supplements in the Spanish adult population: A cross-sectional survey-based study.",
  "title_text": "Consumption and knowledge of protein supplements in the Spanish adult population: A cross-sectional survey-based study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fejgwk3efc8dw",
  "venue": "Farmaceuticos comunitarios",
  "versions": []
}