{
  "abstract": "This study presents the development of high-sensitivity real-time X-ray dosimeters based on room-temperature-vulcanized (RTV-2) silicone nanocomposites incorporating 0–60 wt% Bi ₂ O ₃ nanoparticles, fabricated via solution casting. Structural and morphological characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) with elemental mapping, and elemental analysis confirmed the uniform dispersion of monoclinic Bi ₂ O ₃ nanorods within the amorphous RTV-2 matrix. Complementary Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) validated the chemical integrity, thermal stability, and mechanical robustness of the resulting nanocomposites. Dosimetric performance was investigated under diagnostic-range X-ray exposure using a COMET MXR 320/26 source (dose rates: 2.8–12 mGy/min). The I-V characteristics at 4.8 mGy/min exhibited a highly linear response over ± 400 V. At 400 V, the photocurrent increased from ~ 0.56 nA (pure RTV-2) to ~ 1.66 nA (60 wt% Bi ₂ O ₃ ), corresponding to a ~ 3-fold enhancement in photocurrent. The devices demonstrated good short-term repeatability (standard deviation of 2.3% over ten consecutive measurements) and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of up to ~ 1900 at 400 V. Compared with reported values for commercial MOSFET dosimeters (~ 0.1–1 nA/mGy) and previously reported Bi ₂ O ₃ -polymer systems, the developed nanocomposites exhibit a higher competitive normalized sensitivity (~ 0.35 nA/(mGy/min), or 878 nC·mGy⁻ ¹ ·cm⁻ ³ on a volumetric basis), demonstrating their suitability as lead-free alternatives for low-dose, real-time diagnostic X-ray dosimetry; further evaluation of long-term stability and mechanical durability is needed to establish clinical applicability.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Farideh Keyvani"
    },
    {
      "name": "Leila Gholamzadeh"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shahryar Malekie"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sedigheh Kashian"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ff5d0fet53set.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-76522-9",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "ff5d0fet53set",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76522-9",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3108|Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222872533",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76522-9_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-18",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ff5d0fet53set.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-76522-9",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-76522-9"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "openalex:3108|Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies",
      "subfield": "applied-instrumentation"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Investigation of the dosimetric characteristics of real-time silicone/Bi2O3 nanocomposites for the diagnostic level X-rays",
  "title_text": "Investigation of the dosimetric characteristics of real-time silicone/Bi2O3 nanocomposites for the diagnostic level X-rays",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:30Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/ff5d0fet53set",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}