{
  "abstract": "Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) may predict the response to neuromodulation in major depressive disorder (MDD). We conducted a systematic review of studies examining pretreatment sgACC rsFC and subsequent neuromodulation outcomes in adults (ages 18–70 years) with MDD. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and APA PsycInfo were searched from inception to May 2, 2025 (PROSPERO: CRD420251038212). The primary outcome was the association between pretreatment sgACC rsFC and changes in depressive symptoms. Study quality was assessed using National Institutes of Health tools and established neuroimaging quality checklists. Reported sgACC coordinates were classified descriptively by analytic role; no inferential coordinate-based meta-analysis was performed. Twenty-two studies (N = 1366 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Greater baseline sgACC–right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rsFC was associated with reduced symptom improvement in some studies, whereas stronger sgACC–medial orbitofrontal cortex rsFC was associated with greater improvement. Associations were reported most often in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) studies, particularly with individualized targeting, but several studies were null. Reported sgACC coordinates were predominantly investigator-defined seed or region-of-interest locations and were not treated as response-associated peaks. The methodological quality of magnetic resonance imaging was adequate (mean = 16.1/20, range 13–18). Pretreatment sgACC–prefrontal rsFC may help predict the neuromodulation response in MDD, particularly in rTMS studies using individualized targeting. However, the findings were heterogeneous, and the available coordinate evidence did not support inferential spatial convergence analysis. Larger prospective studies are needed to establish reproducibility and clinical utility.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "AI for Mental Health Program, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
    "Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
    "CRANIA NeuroModulation Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
    "Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
    "Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
    "Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
    "Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas",
    "Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada",
    "Joint Department of Medical Imaging, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0,
        1,
        2
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      "name": "Ilya Demchenko"
    },
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Pranay Soma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hadi Alhasani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Umaya Krishnathas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Madison Hunter"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ishaan Tailor"
    },
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Fatemeh Gholamali Nezhad"
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        3,
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      ],
      "name": "Tom A. Schweizer"
    },
    {
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        3,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Sidney H. Kennedy"
    },
    {
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      ],
      "name": "Manish K. Jha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
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        2,
        3,
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Katharine Dunlop"
    },
    {
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        2,
        4,
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Alexandre Boutet"
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    {
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        2,
        4,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Andres M. Lozano"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Venkat Bhat"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fgkwtvm5r9fch.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.bpsgos.2026.100823",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13742447/",
  "id": "fgkwtvm5r9fch",
  "issns": [
    "2667-1743"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2026.100823",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "2808|Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies"
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  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13742447",
  "pmid": "42997793",
  "published": "2026-09-09",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fgkwtvm5r9fch.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-10T12:23:17Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13742447",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2026.100823"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2808|Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies",
      "subfield": "neurology"
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  ],
  "title": "Subgenual Cingulate Functional Connectivity Predicts Neuromodulation Response in Depression: A Systematic Review",
  "title_text": "Subgenual Cingulate Functional Connectivity Predicts Neuromodulation Response in Depression: A Systematic Review",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-10T12:23:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fgkwtvm5r9fch",
  "venue": "Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science",
  "versions": []
}