{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nIn southern Thailand, characterized by high rainfall for 9 months each year (2340 mm annually), hookworm prevalence is consistently higher than that of Strongyloides stercoralis. Such wet climatic conditions may favor hookworm transmission while limiting S. stercoralis. Conversely, living in crowded, cluster settlements may enhance the transmission of S. stercoralis. We aimed to determine whether S. stercoralis exhibits a focal distribution pattern-often related to close contact within households or small communities-and whether this pattern distinctively differs from that of hookworm infection.Methods\n\nWe conducted a comparative observational study involving 346 of 418 village residents across eight designated subareas. Subareas 2, 4, 6, and 7 featured cluster settlements; Subareas 3 and 5 were diffuse low-income settings; and Subareas 1 and 8 represented mixed-density low-income areas. Each subarea contained at least one household lacking latrines. Stool samples were collected and analyzed using agar plate culture and the modified formalin-ether concentration technique to detect helminths. The spatial distributions of both infections were subsequently mapped and analyzed using spatial dispersion indices.Results\n\nOf the eight subareas, six demonstrated a higher hookworm-to-S. stercoralis prevalence ratio, ranging from 1.59:1 to 10:1. Conversely, Subareas 2 and 8 exhibited near-equivalent ratios, ranging from 1.38:1 to 1.75:1 (exact binomial p = 0.453, OR = 2.50 [discordant pairs = 7] and exact binomial p = 0.109, OR = 4.00 [discordant pairs = 10], respectively). Subareas 3 and 5 showed the strongest dominance of hookworm over S. stercoralis, at 10:1 and 7.7:1, respectively. Geographical and inequality indices revealed that S. stercoralis clustered focally across all subareas except 3 and 5, whereas hookworm infections were more broadly and uniformly distributed.Conclusion\n\nIn southern Thailand, strongyloidiasis appears to cluster within households, supporting the hypothesis of close-contact transmission, whereas hookworm infection is more widely distributed. These spatial differences suggest distinct, tailored targeting strategies are necessary for hookworm control and S. stercoralis interventions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Pharmacy Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand wu.ac.th.",
    "Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand wu.ac.th.",
    "Department of Medical Science School of Medicine Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand wu.ac.th.",
    "Research Center in Tropical Pathobiology Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand wu.ac.th.",
    "School of Public Health Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand wu.ac.th.",
    "EC for PHR Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand wu.ac.th.",
    "Department of Environmental Health Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University Samarinda East Kalimantan Indonesia unmul.ac.id.",
    "School of Allied Health Sciences Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161 Thailand wu.ac.th."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Attarat Pattanawongsa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Prasit Na-Ek",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4976-3274"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Patthanasak Khammaneechan",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2887-8275"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Blego Sedionoto",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0739-989X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Witthaya Anamnart",
      "orcid": "0009-0003-1509-4046"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fh1yrszq2c3cj.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1155/sci5/6861451",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678285",
  "id": "fh1yrszq2c3cj",
  "issns": [
    "2090-908X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898813",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2405|Parasites and Host Interactions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222961026",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678285?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13678285",
  "pmid": "42898813",
  "published": "2026-10-18",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fh1yrszq2c3cj.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42898813",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898813"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2405|Parasites and Host Interactions",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Strongyloidiasis as a Focal Household Cluster of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Rural Tropical Rainforest Southern Thailand: An Observational Study.",
  "title_text": "Strongyloidiasis as a Focal Household Cluster of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Rural Tropical Rainforest Southern Thailand: An Observational Study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fh1yrszq2c3cj",
  "venue": "Scientifica",
  "versions": []
}