{
  "abstract": "Glaucoma is the leading global cause of irreversible blindness, with its pathogenesis extending far beyond elevated intraocular pressure. Dysregulation of the intraocular immune system plays a central role in the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells. This review systematically examines the research progress on key intraocular immune pathways in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, with a primary focus on immune-inflammatory responses mediated by microglia, astrocytes, and T cells. It delves into the molecular mechanisms of various immunoregulatory networks, including the TLR4/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), complement, and T-cell receptor signaling pathways. The review analyzes potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways. By integrating the latest evidence from basic research and translational medicine, this article aims to provide a theoretical foundation and directional guidance for developing neuroprotective immunomodulatory therapies that go beyond intraocular pressure reduction.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Wenzhou People’s Hospital"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yunyun Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Keyun Xue"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Congqin Wen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xinyan Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaojie Hu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fhbtn7zpc2tfp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932850",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13717443/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "fhbtn7zpc2tfp",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932850/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2731|Glaucoma and retinal disorders"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222284694",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932850/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13717443",
  "pmid": "42959469",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fhbtn7zpc2tfp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932850",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932850/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13717443",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717443"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:52Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42959469",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42959469"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:21:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13717443",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1932850"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "issn:1664-3224",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Glaucoma neurodegeneration: targeted modulation of intraocular immune pathways – a review of novel therapeutic advances",
  "title_text": "Glaucoma neurodegeneration: targeted modulation of intraocular immune pathways – a review of novel therapeutic advances",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:45Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fhbtn7zpc2tfp",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}