{
  "abstract": "A series of carveoylphenol derivatives (1–12) was synthesized using a microwave-assisted approach and evaluated through an integrated in vitro and in silico strategy. Cytotoxicity was assessed against PC-3, MCF-7, and HT-29 human cancer lines, using non-tumorigenic CoN CCD841 cells as a reference. Derivatives 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 11 exhibited activity (IC50 < 100 µM) against at least one cancer line, with 2 showing the highest potency (IC50 = 23.2 µM). Flow cytometry of compounds 1, 2, and 5 revealed structure-dependent cellular responses, where 2 at 40 µM induced maximum intracellular ROS generation (39.6%), 1 reduced mitochondrial membrane integrity to 42.1% intact cells, and 5 produced peak caspase activation (34.5%). Molecular docking against caspase-3 yielded predicted binding energies for all three molecules, with 5 scoring −6.4 kcal/mol. SwissADME analysis indicated comparable physicochemical profiles, high predicted gastrointestinal absorption, and potential blood–brain barrier permeability for these three derivatives. Overall, carveoylphenols, particularly compound 2, represent promising scaffolds for further structural optimization and mechanistic investigation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile",
    "Laboratorio de Productos Naturales y Síntesis Orgánica (LPNSO), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avda. Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile",
    "Center of Interdisciplinary Biomedical and Engineering Research for Health (MEDING), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Angamos 655, Reñaca, Viña del Mar 2340000, Chile",
    "Departamento de Química y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Avenida Federico Santa Maria 6090, Viña del Mar 2520000, Chile"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Evelyn Muñoz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4844-2137"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Constanza Reyes",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-5698-4882"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Joan Villena",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3336-1454"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Rut Vergara"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Guillermo Bravo",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-4732-7202"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alejandro Madrid",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8977-7032"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fhhycnz76yx4d.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27198749",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13665034/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "fhhycnz76yx4d",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13665034",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1605|Synthesis and biological activity"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214948347",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13665034/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13665034",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fhhycnz76yx4d.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:35Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13665034",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13665034"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27198749",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/19/8749"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1605|Synthesis and biological activity",
      "subfield": "organic"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Cytotoxic Profile, and Cellular Mechanism Analysis of Carveoylphenol Derivatives",
  "title_text": "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Cytotoxic Profile, and Cellular Mechanism Analysis of Carveoylphenol Derivatives",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fhhycnz76yx4d",
  "venue": "International journal of molecular sciences",
  "versions": []
}