{
  "abstract": "Characterization of shared patterns of immune responses in critical illnesses, known as \"endotypes,\" may have therapeutic significance. Using unsupervised k-means clustering of genome-wide gene expression profiling, we derived, validated, and assigned endotype membership in 382 children with diverse critical illnesses recruited to the BASIC study. We identified two robust endotypes, BASIC endotype 1 (122, 31.9%, children) and BASIC endotype 2 (260, 68.1%, children), present in children with diverse illnesses and age groups. BASIC endotype 1 membership was associated with 4.1 days of increased duration of mechanical ventilation and a non-significant association with mortality. BASIC endotype 1 membership was associated with higher proportions of naive and resting memory CD4 T cells, lower proportions of neutrophils, and reduced expression of gene sets associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-γ, interferon-α, and interleukin-6/JAK/STAT pathways in comparison with BASIC endotype 2. These BASIC endotypes may enable stratified trials of treatment for immune dysfunction.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Michael Carter"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joshua Hageman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yael Feinstein"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jethro Herberg"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dominic Habgood-Coote"
    },
    {
      "name": "Victoria Wright"
    },
    {
      "name": "Samuel Nichols"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nazima Pathan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Naomi Edmonds"
    },
    {
      "name": "Philip Cowie"
    },
    {
      "name": "Katie Burnham"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexander Mentzer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Julian Knight"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Levin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Myrsini Kaforou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Simon Nadel"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mark Peters"
    },
    {
      "name": "Padmanabhan Ramnarayan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fj966qdza8bzp.bib",
  "cited_by": 2,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.isci.2025.114210",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "fj966qdza8bzp",
  "issns": [
    "2589-0042"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05795849v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4416702772",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.cell.com/iscience/pdf/S2589-0042(25)02471-X.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "Cell Press, Elsevier [2018-....]",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fj966qdza8bzp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:55Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05795849",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05795849v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Pediatric critical illness endotypes reveal distinct outcomes and immune pathways shared across cause of illness",
  "title_text": "Pediatric critical illness endotypes reveal distinct outcomes and immune pathways shared across cause of illness",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fj966qdza8bzp",
  "venue": "iScience",
  "versions": []
}