{
  "abstract": "Background/Objectives: Hybrid CAD/CAM materials combine ceramic and polymeric phases, so conditioning protocols developed for glass-ceramics may not transfer to them. Because wettability and near-surface mechanics are usually studied separately, this study measured both to test whether conditioning trades one for the other. Methods: Edelweiss C-Block, Lava Ultimate, Vita Enamic and Cerasmart 270 specimens were left untreated or treated with 9% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 60 s, sandblasting (50 µm Al₂O₃, 1 bar) or silane. Static water contact angle (sessile drop; 90 readings per group) and hardness, elastic modulus and maximum penetration depth (nanoindentation at 30 mN, Oliver-Pharr; 17-25 valid indentations per group) were compared with controls using Welch's t-tests with Holm correction. Results: Control contact angles (45.1-60.4°) fell to 6.3-18.1° after sandblasting and 8.8-32.5° after silanization; HF lowered them to 17.9-38.0° in three materials but raised Lava Ultimate's from 48.4° to 58.1°. Sandblasting caused the largest mechanical losses in every material (hardness reduced by >90%, penetration depth up to 7.9-fold); HF reduced hardness by 58-98%. Silanization preserved 93-97% of control hardness in Lava Ultimate and Cerasmart 270 and gave Vita Enamic its lowest contact angle. Conclusions: Improved wettability and preserved near-surface mechanics were not mutually exclusive, and responses depended on microstructure. Bond strength was not measured, so these findings should guide, not replace, bonding studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.",
    "Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dentistry Clinic of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dentistry, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.",
    "Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.",
    "Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.",
    "Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Miloš Todorović",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5935-8491"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bojan Petrović",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3575-3921"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Stefan Vulović",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2007-8852"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Nastasija Malivuk"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Sanja Kojić",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4092-9733"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Milan Simić"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dejan Marković",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-6744"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fp9yqtx234g36.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/dj14100650",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13703614",
  "id": "fp9yqtx234g36",
  "issns": [
    "2304-6767"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930416",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3505|Dental materials and restorations"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221141122",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13703614?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13703614",
  "pmid": "42930416",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fp9yqtx234g36.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42930416",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930416"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Effect of Surface Treatment Protocols on Nanoindentation-Derived Mechanical Properties and Wettability of Hybrid CAD/CAM Materials.",
  "title_text": "Effect of Surface Treatment Protocols on Nanoindentation-Derived Mechanical Properties and Wettability of Hybrid CAD/CAM Materials.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fp9yqtx234g36",
  "venue": "Dentistry journal",
  "versions": []
}