{
  "abstract": "Background and objectives\n\nCD7 and CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies induce high remission in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, clinical outcomes of CD7 CAR-T therapy are less favorable compared with those of CD19 CAR-T therapy due to profound immune dysfunction, elevated infection, and non-relapse mortality (NRM). Whether these differences arise from distinct immune remodeling patterns that shape CAR-T cell persistence, functional fitness, and host immune recovery, remains unknown.Methods\n\nWe analyzed 74 patients (52 CD19; 22 CD7) who received CAR-T therapy. A subset of 28 patients underwent prospective immune monitoring with 107 longitudinal samples profiled using 40-marker cytometry by time-of-flight to assess CAR-T cell kinetics, exhaustion, host immune remodeling, and clinical associations.Results\n\nHigh-dimensional profiling revealed strikingly divergent immune trajectories of CD19 and CD7 CAR-T therapies. At day 28, CD7 CAR-T recipients exhibited diminished CD8 ⁺ CAR-T cell frequencies, early CAR-T cell exhaustion, and poor immune reconstitution, features more frequent among patients experiencing NRM. In contrast, CD19 CAR-T recipients showed sustained activation, low exhaustion, and prolonged persistence. These immunologic disparities translated into clinically meaningful differences where day-28 responses remained comparable (88.5% vs. 90.9%); however, CD7 CAR-T recipients developed higher late hematotoxicity and fatal infections, resulting in greater 1-year NRM (32.4% vs. 9.2%) and inferior overall survival (44.6% vs. 78.8%).Conclusion\n\nCD7 and CD19 CAR-T therapies are associated with distinct patterns of immune remodeling and clinical outcomes. Compared with CD19 CAR-T therapy, CD7 CAR-T therapy was characterized by reduced CD8+ CAR-T persistence, early exhaustion, and delayed immune reconstitution, correlating with increased infections and higher non-relapse mortality.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies, Beijing, China.",
    "Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhipeng Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yiyang Ding"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhuojun Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhifan Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ting Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaohui Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaojun Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Meng Lyu",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6625-9523"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xuying Pei",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1200-7763"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiangyu Zhao",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8139-1773"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fq22480na3cw5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1515/jtim-2026-0081",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13726658/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "fq22480na3cw5",
  "issns": [
    "2450-131X",
    "2224-4018"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13726658",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|CAR-T cell therapy research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223275727",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13726658/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13726658",
  "pmid": "42974506",
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "De Gruyter",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fq22480na3cw5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13726658",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13726658"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:48Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42974506",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42974506"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:22:57Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13726658",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1515/jtim-2026-0081"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|CAR-T cell therapy research",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Distinct cellular dynamics following CD19 and CD7 CAR-T therapies revealed by high-dimensional CyTOF analysis and impact on clinical outcomes",
  "title_text": "Distinct cellular dynamics following CD19 and CD7 CAR-T therapies revealed by high-dimensional CyTOF analysis and impact on clinical outcomes",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:22:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fq22480na3cw5",
  "venue": "Journal of translational internal medicine",
  "versions": []
}