{
  "abstract": "Da Qi-1 (DQ-1) carries the Aerosol and Carbon Dioxide Lidar (ACDL), a spaceborne integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar that retrieves the column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of carbon dioxide ( X CO ₂ ) using active laser measurements. Unlike passive near-infrared/shortwave-infrared sensors that rely on reflected sunlight, ACDL can observe at night and high latitudes, but its sampling and effective column definition differ from passive X CO ₂ products. Evaluation is therefore needed before active and passive observations can be interpreted jointly. We compare DQ-1 ACDL with the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2 and OCO-3) and Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT and GOSAT-2) missions from June 2022–December 2024 using a unified framework that combines Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)-based coherence assessment, sampling availability, daily 2° aggregation, spatiotemporal collocation, and correction for X CO ₂ column-definition differences. Validation against the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) gives R =0.92, a mean bias of 0.21 ppm, and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.49 ppm for daytime DQ-1, comparable to GOSAT. Over coherent and well-sampled regions, DQ-1 is broadly consistent with OCO-2 and OCO-3, with mean differences generally below 0.5 ppm and similar spatial and meridional structures. Over ocean, the DQ-1–OCO differences vary with surface reflectance and wind speed, with different reflectance relationships for OCO-2 and OCO-3. Nighttime DQ-1 is also broadly consistent with CAMS-derived X CO ₂ . Regional analyses show complementary DQ-1 coverage where passive observations are limited. These results support DQ-1 ACDL as a quantitatively comparable and complementary component of the satellite X CO ₂ observing system.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Wuhan University (Wuhan, China)"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Yike Wang",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-1987-5052"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ge Han"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hongyuan Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9159-5550"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yiyang Huang",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-9362-1725"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kangjie Zhou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wei Gong"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fq4sn1xav01j8.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5194/acp-26-14793-2026",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "fq4sn1xav01j8",
  "issns": [
    "1680-7324"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/26/14793/2026/",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2306|Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7169609963",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Copernicus GmbH",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fq4sn1xav01j8.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:34Z",
      "native_id": "10.5194/acp-26-14793-2026",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/26/14793/2026/"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2306|Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics",
      "subfield": "climate"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Assessing the consistency of X CO ₂ products from DQ-1 ACDL and passive satellites using a unified comparison framework",
  "title_text": "Assessing the consistency of X CO ₂ products from DQ-1 ACDL and passive satellites using a unified comparison framework",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fq4sn1xav01j8",
  "venue": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.5194/egusphere-2026-3864",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "preprint",
      "title": null,
      "venue": null
    }
  ]
}