{
  "abstract": "State of the art\n\nChanges in speech and language occur as the first symptoms of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). The Mini-Linguistic State Examination (MLSE) is a short speech and language screening test used in the diagnostic process of PPA in English-speaking patients. We adapted the MLSE into Dutch (MLSE-NL) and validated this new version as a diagnostic screening tool in Dutch-speaking patients.Methodology\n\nWe assessed the MLSE-NL in 90 Dutch-speaking patients with PPA (nonfluent variant PPA (nfvPPA) n = 23, logopenic variant PPA (lvPPA) n = 24, semantic variant PPA (svPPA) n = 32, PPA Not Otherwise Specified (PPA-NOS) n = 11) (mean age: 68.3, 47.8% male) and 276 healthy volunteers (mean age: 56.3, 38.8% male). The MLSE-NL includes subscores in motor speech, phonological structure, semantic knowledge, syntax, and working memory. Group differences were assessed using Kruskal-Wallis tests, with linear models controlling for covariates as confirmatory analyses.Results\n\nThe MLSE-NL shows significantly lower scores for all PPA variants for total score, ranging from 30 to 96/100 in patients and 83 to 100/100 in controls. The AUC for total score was 0.99 (subdomain AUCs ranged from 0.80 to 0.92). nfvPPA had more motor speech errors than controls, svPPA had more semantic errors, while lvPPA had the most working memory deficits. Syntax errors were frequent in all variants, while phonological deficits were greater in lvPPA and nfvPPA. PPA-NOS had deficits in all domains aside from motor speech.Conclusions\n\nThe MLSE-NL can successfully discriminate the three canonical variants of PPA and PPA-NOS from controls and captures domain-specific neurolinguistic profiles.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.",
    "VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.",
    "Department of Neuroscience, City St George's, University of London, London, UK.",
    "ALS Center Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.",
    "Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.",
    "Centrum voor Neuropsychologie, Antwerp, Belgium.",
    "Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.",
    "Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.",
    "Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.",
    "Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.",
    "Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.",
    "Neurology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium.",
    "Experimental Neurobiology Unit, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium. Rose.Bruffaerts@uantwerpen.be.",
    "Neurology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium. Rose.Bruffaerts@uantwerpen.be.",
    "Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. l.c.jiskoot@erasmusmc.nl."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rosie Coppieters",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-7392-2618"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Nikki Janssen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4866-1954"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Peter Garrard",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8268-9718"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Fenna Hiemstra",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-8899-5999"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Annelien Duits",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0279-1806"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Mattias De Coninck",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5198-9275"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Stéphanie De Keulenaer",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-2396-3218"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ian Storey",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0952-0673"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Vitória Piai",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4860-5952"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Johan Renssen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2609-1102"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Carla Ruis",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0801-8937"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Harro Seelaar",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1989-7527"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Esther van den Berg",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8120-7366"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Sara Van Mossevelde",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4403-2958"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13,
        14
      ],
      "name": "Rose Bruffaerts",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2631-9234"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15
      ],
      "name": "Lize Jiskoot",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1120-1858"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fryjqb6d94bz4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1007/s00415-026-14203-3",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13694381",
  "id": "fryjqb6d94bz4",
  "issns": [
    "0340-5354",
    "1432-1459"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909640",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223341310",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13694381?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13694381",
  "pmid": "42909640",
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fryjqb6d94bz4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:03Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42909640",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42909640"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2738|Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research",
      "subfield": "psychiatry"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The Dutch Mini-Linguistic State Examination (MLSE-NL): findings in Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA).",
  "title_text": "The Dutch Mini-Linguistic State Examination (MLSE-NL): findings in Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA).",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fryjqb6d94bz4",
  "venue": "Journal of neurology",
  "versions": []
}