{
  "abstract": "Patients with cancer often have a marked hypercoagulable state, which significantly raises the risk of thrombosis. Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in creating this prothrombotic environment by influencing the coagulation cascade and triggering thromboinflammation. This review comprehensively examines the role of four novel blood coagulation tests - thrombomodulin (TM), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex (PIC), and tissue-type plasminogen activator-inhibitor 1 complex (t-PAIC) - in the context of cancer stem cell-mediated tumor-related venous thromboembolism (VTE). These markers offer distinct advantages over traditional coagulation assays for dynamic monitoring of coagulation and fibrinolysis in cancer-associated VTE, providing a more nuanced assessment of patient status. We elucidate the predictive, diagnostic, and risk-assessment value of this \"four-item test,\" exploring its potential to identify patients at high risk of VTE and to monitor treatment efficacy. Furthermore, we delve into the underlying pathophysiological links connecting CSC activity, cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), thromboinflammation, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), suggesting that these biomarkers may offer valuable insights into the mechanisms driving thrombosis in cancer.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nina Zhou",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-1974-6837"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sai Chen",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-2630-8313"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fs42tts4a0bvg.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.34172/bi.33600",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13677602",
  "id": "fs42tts4a0bvg",
  "issns": [
    "2228-5652",
    "2228-5660"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898415",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2724|Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7216407943",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13677602?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13677602",
  "pmid": "42898415",
  "published": "2026-07-22",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fs42tts4a0bvg.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:42Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42898415",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898415"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2724|Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Role of four new blood coagulation tests in cancer stem cell-mediated tumor-related venous thromboembolism.",
  "title_text": "Role of four new blood coagulation tests in cancer stem cell-mediated tumor-related venous thromboembolism.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fs42tts4a0bvg",
  "venue": "BioImpacts : BI",
  "versions": []
}