{
  "abstract": "Background: Postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is predominantly visceral in the first 24 hours and is conventionally managed with systemic analgesics that carry opioid-related adverse effects. Intraperitoneal instillation of a long-acting local anaesthetic targets visceral pain at its source.\n\nAims and Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal instillation of 0.5% bupivacaine combined with port-site infiltration in reducing postoperative pain and analgesic requirement after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.\n\nMaterials and Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled trial, 120 adults (American Society of Anesthesiologists class I–II) undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to receive 20 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine instilled intraperitoneally over the gallbladder bed, hepatic surface and subdiaphragmatic space together with 10 mL infiltrated at the port sites at the end of surgery (n=60), or standard care without local anaesthetic (n=60). Patients and outcome assessors were blinded to allocation. Pain was assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) at 6, 12 and 24 hours. Time to first rescue analgesia, 24-hour opioid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and paracetamol consumption, adverse effects and satisfaction were recorded.\n\nResults: Mean VAS was lower in the bupivacaine group at 6 h (3.43±1.75 vs 6.88±0.99), 12 h (4.27±1.22 vs 7.82±1.46) and 24 h (3.80±0.40 vs 6.38±0.52; all p<0.001). Rescue analgesia was required by 15.0% versus 100% of patients (p<0.001), the time to first rescue analgesia among those who required it was longer (7.14±2.25 vs 1.70±0.74 h; p<0.001), and 24-hour opioid consumption was lower (5.83±16.19 vs 40.83±19.51 mg; p<0.001). Nausea, vomiting and shoulder pain were less frequent and satisfaction was higher (p=0.014) with bupivacaine; no hypotension, arrhythmia or local anaesthetic toxicity occurred.\n\nConclusion: Intraperitoneal instillation of 0.5% bupivacaine combined with port-site infiltration is a simple, safe and effective addition to multimodal analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Junior Resident, Department of General Surgery, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh",
    "Professor, Department of General Surgery, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh",
    "Associate Professor, Department of General Surgery, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anmol Gupta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Surya Prakash"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Pankaj Kumar Saunakiya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Saurabh Purohit"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fsbfk11ts6zdq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23658759",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.scientificpublications.in/index.php/ijmsar/article/view/223",
  "id": "fsbfk11ts6zdq",
  "issns": [
    "2582-7197"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23658759",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "Scientific Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fsbfk11ts6zdq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T14:21:38Z",
      "native_id": "331f87730acb44e8b6d463e44e7fcd94",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23658759"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:R",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evaluation of Intraperitoneal Instillation Combined with Port-Site Infiltration of 0.5% Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Management in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial",
  "title_text": "Evaluation of Intraperitoneal Instillation Combined with Port-Site Infiltration of 0.5% Bupivacaine for Postoperative Pain Management in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T14:21:38Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fsbfk11ts6zdq",
  "venue": "International Journal of Medical Sciences and Academic Research",
  "versions": []
}