{
  "abstract": "Practical high-Q metasurface sensors face two bottlenecks: maximizing analyte near-field coupling while suppressing radiative loss and ensuring compatibility with low-cost large-area fabrication. Here, we present a nanoimprinted tetramer architecture (NTA) sensor fabricated via two-step nanoimprint lithography, consisting of polystyrene nanopillar tetramer arrays atop a PS waveguide and gold mirror, supporting a prominent resonance mode at 810 nm (D₁ mode) exhibiting a pronounced Fano line shape with a high Q of 3124. In contrast, the experimentally measured resonance of the fabricated device exhibits a FWHM of approximately 12 nm, corresponding to a Q factor of about 70. Multipole decomposition confirms that the D₁ mode is governed by toroidal dipoles, with suppressed conventional electric/magnetic multipoles, thereby achieving radiative cancellation via multipole manipulation. Measured in aqueous glycerol solutions, the sensor achieves a refractive index sensitivity of 501 nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 42 RIU⁻¹. Label-free hemoglobin biosensing yields a sensitivity of 354.7 nm·(μg/L)⁻¹. Benefiting from tetramer symmetry, the resonance response remains stable across 0°-90° polarization angles. This work develops a scalable low-cost strategy for toroidal-dipole-enhanced high-Q biosensors, promising high-sensitivity detection for medical diagnosis and environmental monitoring.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Ningbo China.",
    "Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Functional Materials and Devices Engineering Research Center for Advanced Infrared Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province Ningbo University Ningbo China.",
    "Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials Ministry of Education School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hongsen Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shuai Han",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-2018-8893"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Youpeng Zhuo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ang Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Zhixin Wan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yimin Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3057-5062"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Peiqing Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5248-9766"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Qiushun Zou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiang Shen"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fv5qjpmas17ha.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/nap2.70336",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13686256",
  "id": "fv5qjpmas17ha",
  "issns": [
    "2192-8606",
    "2192-8614"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42910359",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2504|Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223139478",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13686256?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13686256",
  "pmid": "42910359",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fv5qjpmas17ha.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42910359",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42910359"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2504|Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Toroidal Dipole-Dominated High-Performance Optical Sensors via Nanoimprinted Tetramer Architectures.",
  "title_text": "Toroidal Dipole-Dominated High-Performance Optical Sensors via Nanoimprinted Tetramer Architectures.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fv5qjpmas17ha",
  "venue": "Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany)",
  "versions": []
}