{
  "abstract": "Continuous, non-invasive monitoring of the arterial pulse is a clinical priority for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of global mortality. Flexible piezoelectric electronic skins can transduce the 1-10 kPa pressure wave into a self-powered voltage, but the best-performing piezoceramics are lead-based, and their toxicity is incompatible with skin contact and with tightening RoHS/REACH regulation. Among lead-free alternatives, the BaTiO$3$-based solid solution BZT-BCT reaches $d{33} \\approx 620$ pC/N near its tricritical morphotropic phase boundary, rivalling soft PZT while remaining biocompatible. Exploiting this in a wearable confronts a sensitivity-flexibility paradox and three computational walls: the combinatorial explosion of atomic configurations in a disordered solid solution, the band-gap error of affordable density-functional approximations, which corrupts leakage and insulation estimates, and the 0 K nature of standard calculations against a 310 K operating temperature. We review lead-free piezoelectrics, morphotropic-boundary physics and fabricated flexible devices, then argue that equivariant machine-learning interatomic potentials --- coupled to a tiered functional hierarchy and finite-temperature lattice dynamics --- can survey the full configurational ensemble at body temperature and close the gap to a clinically viable lead-free pulse sensor.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.00580",
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Sanaa Ismail"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hassan M. E. Azzazy"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fvtrse69n6wk2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.00580",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "fvtrse69n6wk2",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00580",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7206189865",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.00580",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-18",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fvtrse69n6wk2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:23:03Z",
      "native_id": "2609.00580",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00580"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.mtrl-sci",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Lead-free piezoelectric perovskites for arterial-pulse e-skin: from configurational complexity to equivariant machine-learning potentials",
  "title_text": "Lead-free piezoelectric perovskites for arterial-pulse e-skin: from configurational complexity to equivariant machine-learning potentials",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:23:03Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fvtrse69n6wk2",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}