{
  "abstract": "γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an amino acid with a variety of biological functions and is now becoming an essential food ingredient. In this work, a GABA-producing lactic acid bacterium was isolated from godeulppaegi kimchi and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical and molecular parameters. The isolate was identified as FBL-3, which produced acid colonies in MRS agar containing CaCO₃ and L-glutamic acid, was Gram positive, catalase-negative and rod-shaped, and had 99.1% similarity to Levilactobacillus brevis by API 50 CHL analysis and 100% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Lvb. brevis ATCC 14869. Further, sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene confirmed that it was Lvb. brevis FBL-3. The effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, and L-glutamic acid concentration on cell growth and TLC-densitometrically estimated GABA production were evaluated sequentially using a one-factor-at-a-time approach. Of the carbon sources tested, xylose had the highest GABA production (12.2 ± 2.34 g/L) and dry cell weight (0.75 ± 0.00 g/L) and 10 g/L xylose was selected as a good concentration for GABA production. Yeast extract was the most promising for nitrogen sources producing 4.65 ± 0.45 g/L GABA, and 20 g/L yeast extract was selected as a practical concentration since it produced 9.12 ± 1.48 g/L GABA with lower nitrogen input than 50 g/L yeast extract. L-Glutamic acid was a necessary precursor to GABA production. Although the highest GABA titer in the L-glutamic acid concentration experiment was found for 50 g/L L-glutamic acid (19.6 ± 1.03 g/L), 10 g/L L-glutamic acid supported the highest cell growth and was considered as a more balanced precursor.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.",
    "Department of Microbiology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, AP 516005, India.",
    "Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Eun-Ju Jang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Veeranjaneya Reddy Lebaka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Young-Min Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Young-Jung Wee"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fx03wza3cqtxy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4014/jmb.2608.08011",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13673089",
  "id": "fx03wza3cqtxy",
  "issns": [
    "1017-7825",
    "1738-8872"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42870455",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|GABA and Rice Research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221764123",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13673089?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13673089",
  "pmid": "42870455",
  "published": "2026-09-22",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fx03wza3cqtxy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42870455",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42870455"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|GABA and Rice Research",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Isolation and Characterization of Levilactobacillus brevis FBL-3 from Godeulppaegi Kimchi and Screening of Medium Components for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Production.",
  "title_text": "Isolation and Characterization of Levilactobacillus brevis FBL-3 from Godeulppaegi Kimchi and Screening of Medium Components for γ-Aminobutyric Acid Production.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:16Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/fx03wza3cqtxy",
  "venue": "Journal of microbiology and biotechnology",
  "versions": []
}